Lalacewar da aka saba samu a walda ta Laser ta Aluminum Alloy

Lalacewar da Aka Fi Sani a CikinWalda na Laser na Aluminum

Ko walda ta atomatik ta laser kowalda mai haɗakar laser-arcAna amfani da shi don ƙarfe na aluminum, akwai wasu matsalolin fasaha na gama gari, watau, lahani na iya faruwa idan sigogin tsari da yanayin walda suna da ƙarfibai dace ba.Lalacewar da ke cikin haɗin ƙarfe na aluminum galibi sun haɗa da nau'i biyu: porosity na walda da ƙwanƙwasa masu zafi. Baya ga porosity da ƙwanƙwasa masu zafi, lahani kamar yankewa da rashin kyawun samuwar baya suma suna nan a cikin walda na laser na aluminum. Idan aka kwatanta da porosity na walda, yuwuwar fashewar walda (wanda ake iya gani a ido tsirara ko a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin girma) ba ta da yawa. Duk da haka, saboda tsagewa sun fi haɗari, JIS Z 3105 ta tanadar cewa da zarar an gano tsagewa a cikin walda, walda za a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin Aji na IV. Ƙananan yankewa, rashin kyawun samuwar bayan gida da sauran lahani galibi manyan lahani ne da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaitaccen sarrafa gudu ko ma'aunin tsari mara daidaituwa. Irin waɗannan lahani galibi suna bayyana a matakin bincike da gyara kurakurai, kuma ba kasafai suke faruwa a cikin ayyukan samarwa na yau da kullun ba. Saboda haka, porosity wani nau'in lahani ne wanda ya fi cutarwa a walda na laser na aluminum da kuma a cikin hidimar tsarin walda, kuma yana da wuya a kawar da shi da gaske.

1. Rarrabuwa

Porosity shine mafi yawan lahani kuma mafi girma a cikin girmawalda na Laser na aluminum gami, tare da girma dabam dabam daga ɗaruruwan microns zuwa millimita da yawa. Tsarin samuwarsa bai bayyana sarai ba tukuna. Porosity ba wai kawai yana raunana ingantaccen sashin aiki na walda ba, har ma yana haifar da yawan damuwa, yana rage ƙarfin aiki da aikin gajiya na haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa.

Idan ƙarfen aluminum ya narke a cikin muhalli mai ɗauke da hydrogen, sinadarin hydrogen na ciki zai iya kaiwa fiye da 0.69 ml/100g, amma bayan ƙarfen ya taurare, ƙarfin hydrogen ɗinsa a ma'auni shine mafi girman 0.036 ml/100g. Gabaɗaya ana kyautata zaton cewa a lokacin sanyaya walda ta laser, ƙarfin hydrogen ɗin ya ragu sosai, kuma ruwan hydrogen mai cike da sinadarin hydrogen zai samar da sinadarin hydrogen. Ƙafewar abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙasa da ƙasa da matsin lamba mai yawa na iya haifar da porosity, wanda ake kira ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, hargitsin hasken laser da rashin kwanciyar hankali na ramin maɓalli suma na iya samar da porosity, amma irin wannan porosity yana da siffar da ba ta dace ba kuma ana iya kiransa porosity da aka haifar da tsari. Saboda yawan aikin sinadarai na ƙarfen aluminum, ana samun fim ɗin oxide cikin sauƙi a saman. A lokacin walda, ruwan lu'ulu'u da ruwan da aka haɗa suka ruɓe daga fim ɗin oxide a saman aluminum gami, tare da danshi a cikin iska da iskar gas mai kariya, suna ruɓewa kai tsaye don samar da hydrogen a yankin zafin jiki mai yawa a ƙarƙashin aikin laser. Waɗannan iskar hydrogen na iya zubewa yayin sanyaya da ƙarfafa tafkin da aka narke don samar da kumfa ko kuma samar da kumfa kai tsaye akan fim ɗin oxide da ba a narke ba. Saboda ƙarancin nauyi na musamman na aluminum gami, ƙaruwar saurin kumfa a cikin tafkin da aka narke yana da jinkiri. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfe aluminum yana da ƙarfin watsa zafi, kuma saurin sanyaya da ƙarfafa tafkin da aka narke yana da sauri sosai. Wasu kumfa ba za su iya tserewa cikin lokaci ba kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin walda, don haka suna samar da porosity na ƙarfe. Bincike ya nuna cewa babban iskar gas a cikin porosity na walda aluminum shine hydrogen, don haka porosity a cikin walda aluminum gami wani lokacin ana kiransa porosity hydrogen. Lokacin lura da karyewar porosity a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki, porosity galibi yana gabatar da yanayin zagaye tare da ƙarshen dendrite na lu'ulu'u dendrite da aka shirya sosai, kuma bangon ciki yana da santsi, tsabta kuma ba shi da alamun oxidation. Kasancewar porosity ba wai kawai yana rage girman walda da ƙarfin ɗaukar haɗin ba, har ma yana rage ƙarfi da ƙarfin haɗin zuwa matakai daban-daban.

2. Fashewar Zafi

Tsagewar zafi (gami da tsagewar ƙarfafawa da tsagewar ruwa) suna samuwa a lokacin aikin ƙarfafa ƙarfe mai narkewa kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan lahani da aka saba samu a cikin walda na ƙarfe na aluminum. Mafi bayyanannen fasalin fasalin karyewar ... Bugu da ƙari, ana samar da tsarin eutectic mai ƙarancin narkewa tare da iyakokin hatsi yayin ƙarfafa ƙarfe na walda, wanda ke raunana ƙarfin haɗin kan iyakokin hatsi, don haka yana samar da tsagewa masu zafi a ƙarƙashin tasirin matsin lamba. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya taƙaita yanayin tsagewa a cikin walda laser na ƙarfe na aluminum zuwa cikin waɗannan rukunoni: tsagewar tsakiyar walda; tsagewar layin haɗin walda; tsagewar intergranular a cikin walda; tsagewar liquation zone da zafi ya shafa; tsagewa da fina-finan oxide ke haifarwa; da ƙananan fasa na intergranular.

Bugu da ƙari, rashin kariyar kariya yayin walda yana sa ƙarfen walda ya yi aiki da iskar gas a cikin iska, kuma abubuwan da aka samar suma suna iya zama tushen fashewar. Nau'in da adadin abubuwan haɗawa suna da babban tasiri akan yanayin fashewar zafi yayin walda ƙarfe na aluminum. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfe na aluminum jerin Al-Si da Al-Mn suna da kyakkyawan damar walda kuma ba su da sauƙin samar da fashewar zafi; yayin da ƙarfe na aluminum jerin Al-Mg, Al-Cu da Al-Zn jerin suna da yanayin fashewar zafi mai yawa. Ana iya rage yanayin fashewar zafi ta hanyar daidaita sigogin aikin walda don sarrafa yawan dumama da sanyaya. Gabaɗaya magana, yanayin fashewar zafi na walda na laser-arc hybrid ya fi na walda na laser cika waya, kuma yanayin fashewar zafi na walda na laser cika waya ya fi na walda na laser autogenous.

3. Ƙarƙashin yankewa da ƙonewa

Gilashin aluminum suna da ƙarancin kuzarin ionization, kuma plasma da aka haifar da hoto yana iya fuskantar zafi da faɗaɗawa yayin walda, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar hanyoyin walda. Bugu da ƙari, gilashin aluminum na ruwa suna da kyakkyawan ruwa da ƙarancin tashin hankali a saman. Don inganta shigar iska, ana buƙatar ƙarin saurin kwararar iskar gas da ƙarfin fitarwa na laser, wanda ke lalata kwanciyar hankalin aikin walda, yana sa wurin narkakken ya canza sosai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kuma cikin sauƙi yana haifar da lahani kamar yankewa da ƙonewa. Ana iya inganta yanayin bayan farantin ƙarfe na aluminum da aka haɗa da laser yadda ya kamata ta hanyar sanya farantin jan ƙarfe mai sanyaya ruwa a bayan walda.

4. Haɗa Slag

Wani nau'in lahani da ke faruwa a cikin walda a jikin mota shine haɗakar slag na walda. Bincike ya nuna cewa haɗa slag galibi yana fitowa ne daga oxides a saman walda da wayoyi na walda, da kuma hanyoyin da ba su da tabbas a cikin inda kayan ƙarfe na aluminum suke. Saboda haka, masana'antun kayan ƙarfe na aluminum ya kamata su ƙarfafa ƙirƙira fasaha da inganta hanyoyin yin siminti don rage yawan ƙazanta da hydrogen a cikin kayan da aka yi amfani da su da kuma haɓaka ingancin samfuran.