Hanyoyin Walda don Ƙananan Sassa da Ƙananan Sassa Walda Laser hanya ce mai inganci da daidaito wacce ke amfani da hasken laser mai yawan kuzari a matsayin tushen zafi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman aikace-aikacen fasahar sarrafa kayan laser. A shekarun 1970, galibi ana amfani da shi don walda kayan da ke da sirara da walda mai ƙarancin gudu, kuma tsarin walda ya kasance na nau'in wutar lantarki. Musamman, hasken laser yana dumama saman kayan aikin, kuma zafi a saman yana yaɗuwa cikin ta hanyar wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar sarrafa sigogi kamar faɗi, kuzari, ƙarfin kololuwa, da maimaita mitar bugun laser, kayan aikin suna narkewa don samar da takamaiman wurin narkewa. Saboda fa'idodinsa na musamman, an yi nasarar amfani da shi gadaidaiton walda na ƙananan da ƙananan sassa.Fasahar walda ta laser ta kasar Sin tana cikin manyan matakai na ci gaba a duniya. Tana da fasaha da ikon samar da sassan ƙarfe masu sarkakiya na titanium sama da murabba'in mita 12 ta amfani da laser, kuma an yi amfani da ita a cikin samfura da kera kayayyaki na ayyukan bincike na jiragen sama na cikin gida da yawa. A watan Oktoba na 2013, wani ƙwararre a fannin walda na kasar Sin ya lashe kyautar Brook Award, wacce ita ce babbar kyautar ilimi a fannin walda, wadda ta tabbatar da matakin walda ta laser na kasar Sin a duniya.
## Tarihin Ci Gaba An samar da hasken laser na farko a duniya a shekarar 1960 ta hanyar lu'ulu'u masu ban sha'awa masu fitilar walƙiya. Ƙarfin zafin kristal ɗin ya iyakance, amma zai iya samar da gajerun hasken wuta masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin mita. Duk da cewa ƙarfin bugun jini na gaggawa zai iya kaiwa har zuwa watts 10^6, har yanzu yana cikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Sandar lu'ulu'u ta yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) mai launin neodymium, tare da neodymium (Nd) a matsayin abin da ke motsa jiki, zai iya samar da hasken laser mai tsawon zango ɗaya mai ƙarfin 1-8KW. Laser ɗin YAG, mai tsawon zango na 1.06μm, ana iya haɗa shi da kan sarrafa laser ta hanyar zare mai haske mai sassauƙa, yana da tsarin kayan aiki masu sassauƙa da dacewa don kayan aikin walda tare da kauri na 0.5-6mm. Laser ɗin CO₂, wanda ke amfani da carbon dioxide a matsayin mai fitar da sinadarai (tare da tsawon zango na 10.6μm), zai iya samar da makamashin fitarwa har zuwa 25KW kuma ya samar da walda mai shiga jiki ɗaya mai kauri na faranti 2mm. An yi amfani da shi sosai a fannin sarrafa ƙarfe a ɓangaren masana'antu. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, walda ta laser, a matsayin sabuwar fasaha, ta jawo hankalin jama'a a Turai, Amurka, da Japan. A shekarar 1985, ThyssenKrupp Steel AG (Jamus) da Volkswagen AG (Jamus) sun haɗu don ɗaukar walda ta laser ta farko a duniya a jikin Audi 100 cikin nasara. A shekarun 1990, manyan masana'antun motoci a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da Japan sun fara amfani da fasahar walda ta laser sosai a fannin kera jikin motoci. Kwarewa mai amfani daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje da masana'antun motoci ya tabbatar da cewa ana iya amfani da walda ta laser cikin nasara wajen samar da jikin motoci. Walda mai dinki ta Laser tana amfani da makamashin laser don haɗa da walda da wasu ƙarfe, ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, ƙarfe na aluminum, da sauransu ta atomatik, tare da kayan aiki daban-daban, kauri, da shafi a cikin faranti, bayanin martaba, ko allon sandwich. Wannan yana cika buƙatun aikin kayan aiki daban-daban na kayan aiki, kuma yana cimma kayan aiki mai sauƙi tare da mafi sauƙin nauyi, tsari mafi kyau, da mafi kyawun aiki. A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar Turai da Amurka,walda mai zane ta laserBa wai kawai ana amfani da shi a masana'antar kera kayan sufuri ba, har ma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni kamar gini, gadoji, samar da walda farantin kayan gida, da walda farantin ƙarfe a cikin layukan birgima (haɗin farantin a cikin birgima mai ci gaba). Shahararrun kamfanonin walda laser sun haɗa da Soudonic (Switzerland), ArcelorMittal Group (Faransa), ThyssenKrupp TWB (Jamus), Servo-Robot (Kanada), da Precitec (Jamus). Aikace-aikacen fasahar walda mara laser a China ya fara aiki. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2002, an fara amfani da layin samar da kayayyaki na ƙwararru na farko na China don walda mara laser a hukumance. Wuhan ThyssenKrupp Zhongren Laser Tailor Welding daga ThyssenKrupp TWB (Jamus) ne ya gabatar da shi. Daga baya, Shanghai Baosteel Arcelor Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., FAW Baoyou Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., da sauran kamfanoni aka fara samarwa a jere. A shekara ta 2003, ƙasashen waje sun fara aikin walda na laser mai girman CO₂ mai girman laser biyu da kumaWayar cika laser ta YAGdon tsarin bangon ƙasa na ƙarfe na aluminum na A318. Wannan fasaha ta maye gurbin tsarin gargajiya mai kama da rivet, ta rage nauyin jirgin sama da kashi 20% kuma ta adana kashi 20% na farashin. Gong Shuili ya yi imanin cewa fasahar walda ta laser za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sauye-sauye da haɓaka masana'antar kera jiragen sama ta gargajiya ta China. Nan da nan ya nemi wasu ayyukan bincike kafin a yi, ya shirya ƙungiyar bincike, kuma ya jagoranci gabatar da fasahar "walda ta laser mai katako biyu" a cikin ayyukan bincike a China. Tun daga farko, ya yi niyyar amfani da wannan fasaha ga kera jiragen sama. Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun China ta ba da rahoton fasahar farko ga wata cibiyar ƙira jiragen sama kuma ta haɓaka fa'idodi da yuwuwar walda ta laser mai katako biyu. Bayan tabbatarwa da kimantawa da yawa, cibiyar ƙira ta yanke shawarar amfani da wannan fasaha wajen kera bangarorin bango masu kauri don wani jirgin sama, inda ta cimma burin farko na amfani da fasahar "walda ta laser mai katako biyu" ga kera jiragen sama. Ta karya manyan fasahohi kamar sarrafa madaidaicin waya mai cike walda ta laser don ƙarfe masu sauƙi, ta ƙirƙiri na'urar haɗakar waya mai cike laser mai katako biyu, ta kafa dandamalin walda na farko na China mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na laser, ta samar da walda mai haɗakar T-joints mai katako biyu da gefe biyu a cikin manyan sifofi masu sirara, kuma ta yi nasarar amfani da shi wajen kera manyan sassan tsarin jiragen sama na bangon da aka yi da bakin karfe a karon farko, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban sabbin jiragen sama na China. A shekarar 2003, kayan aikin walda na farko na gida mai cike da kayan aiki na layi wanda HG Laser ta samar sun wuce karɓuwa ta intanet. Wannan kayan aikin ya haɗa da yanke laser, walda, da maganin zafi, wanda ya sanya HG Laser ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni na huɗu a duniya waɗanda ke iya samar da irin waɗannan kayan aiki. A shekarar 2004, aikin "Fasahar Sarrafa Laser Mai Ikon Yankewa, Walda da Haɗin Yankewa da Walda" na HG Laser Farley Laserlab ya lashe kyautar Kyauta ta Biyu ta Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama kamfani ɗaya tilo da ke da ƙarfin bincike da haɓaka wannan fasaha da kayan aiki. Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar laser ta masana'antu, kasuwa ta gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma ga fasahar sarrafa laser. Fasahar Laser ta sauya daga aikace-aikace ɗaya zuwa aikace-aikace daban-daban. Dangane da sarrafa laser, ba ta iyakance ga yankewa ɗaya ko walda ba. Bukatar kasuwa don kayan aikin sarrafa laser da aka haɗa waɗanda suka haɗa yankewa da walda yana ƙaruwa, don haka kayan aikin yankewa da walda na laser da aka haɗa sun bayyana. HG Laser Farley Laserlab ta ƙera injin yankewa da walda da aka haɗa Walc9030, tare da babban tsari na mita 9×3, wanda a halin yanzu shine babban kayan aikin yankewa da walda na laser da aka haɗa a duniya. Walc9030 babban kayan aiki ne na yankewa da walda wanda ke haɗawaAyyukan yanke laser da walda na laser. An sanye shi da ƙwararren kan yankewa da kan walda, kuma kawunan sarrafawa guda biyu suna raba katako ɗaya. Fasahar sarrafa lambobi tana tabbatar da cewa ba sa tsoma baki a junansu. Kayan aikin na iya kammala ayyuka biyu waɗanda ke buƙatar yankewa da walda a lokaci guda. Yana iya canzawa cikin 'yanci tsakanin yankewa da walda da farko, ko walda da farko sannan yankewa, yana fahimtar ayyukan yankewa da walda na laser da kayan aiki ɗaya ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki ba. Wannan yana adana kuɗin kayan aiki ga masana'antun aikace-aikace, yana inganta ingancin sarrafawa da kewayon sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda haɗakar yankewa da walda, daidaiton sarrafawa an tabbatar da shi sosai, kuma aikin kayan aiki yana da inganci da karko. Bugu da ƙari, ya shawo kan wahalhalun na lalacewar zafi na faranti yayin walda-manyan faranti da kuma tabbatar da ingantattun hanyoyin gani masu tashi. Yana iya walda faranti biyu masu faɗi na mita 6 da faɗin mita 1.5 a lokaci guda, kuma saman walda yana da santsi da faɗi ba tare da ƙarin sarrafa bayan aiki ba. A lokaci guda, yana iya yanke faranti masu faɗin mita 3, tsawonsu ya fi mita 6, da kuma kauri ƙasa da 20mm a cikin tsari ɗaya ba tare da matsayi na biyu ba. Cibiyar Shenyang ta Atomatik, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta China, ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwa na ƙasa da ƙasa da Kamfanin IHI (Japan). Bayan dabarun ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na ƙasa na "gabatarwa, narkewa, sha, da sake ƙirƙira", ta shawo kan manyan fasahohi da dama nawalda mai zane ta laser, ya ƙirƙiro jerin layukan samar da laser na farko a China na cikakken layin walda na laser a watan Satumba na 2006, kuma ya sami nasarar ƙirƙirar tsarin walda na laser na robotic, wanda ya cimma nasarar walda na laser na lanƙwasa na sarari da na sarari. A watan Oktoba na 2013, wani ƙwararren walda na ƙasar Sin ya lashe kyautar Brook Award, mafi girman lambar yabo ta ilimi a fannin walda. Cibiyar Walda (TWI, UK) tana ba da shawara da kuma naɗa 'yan takara kowace shekara daga ƙungiyoyi sama da 4,000 a cikin ƙasashe sama da 120, kuma a ƙarshe tana ba da wannan kyautar ga wani ƙwararre don yaba da gudummawar da suka bayar ga kimiyya da fasaha na walda ko haɗawa da aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Wannan lambar yabo ba wai kawai girmamawa ce ga Gong Shuili da tawagarsa ba, har ma da tabbatar da rawar da AVIC ke takawa wajen haɓaka ci gaban fasahar haɗa kayan aiki.
## Sigogi na Tsarin
### Kayan Aiki Ya ƙunshi na'urar oscillator ta gani da kuma wani abu da aka sanya tsakanin madubai a ƙarshen ramin oscillator. Lokacin da aka motsa tsakiyar zuwa yanayin kuzari mai yawa, yana fara samar da raƙuman haske a cikin matakai, waɗanda ke nuna baya da gaba tsakanin madubai a ƙarshen biyu, suna samar da tasirin haɗakar haske ta hanyar photoelectric. Wannan yana ƙara wa raƙuman haske ƙarfi, kuma lokacin da aka sami isasshen kuzari, ana fitar da laser. Hakanan ana iya bayyana Laser a matsayin na'urar da ke canza tushen makamashi na farko kamar makamashin lantarki, makamashin sinadarai, makamashin zafi, makamashin haske, ko makamashin nukiliya zuwa hasken radiation na lantarki na takamaiman mitoci na gani (hasken ultraviolet, haske mai gani, ko hasken infrared). Ana iya aiwatar da wannan juyawa cikin sauƙi a cikin wasu kafofin watsa labarai masu ƙarfi, ruwa, ko iskar gas. Lokacin da waɗannan kafofin watsa labarai suka yi motsi a cikin nau'in atom ko ƙwayoyin halitta, suna samar da hasken haske tare da kusan lokaci ɗaya da kusan tsayi ɗaya - laser. Saboda yanayinsa na cikin-mataki da kuma tsawon tsayi ɗaya, kusurwar bambance-bambancen ba ta da yawa, kuma ana iya watsa ta a nesa mai nisa kafin a mai da hankali sosai don samar da ayyuka kamar walda, yankewa, da kuma maganin zafi. ### Rarraba Lasers Akwai nau'ikan laser guda biyu da ake amfani da su don walda, wato lasers CO₂ da lasers Nd:YAG. Dukansu lasers CO₂ da lasers Nd:YAG haske ne mai infrared da ba a iya gani ga ido tsirara. Hasken da laser Nd:YAG ya samar galibi hasken kusa da infrared ne tare da tsawon tsayi na 1.06μm. Masu gudanar da zafi suna da ƙimar sha mai yawa ga hasken wannan tsawon tsayi, kuma ga yawancin ƙarfe, hasken yana tsakanin 20% zuwa 30%. Hasken kusa da infrared za a iya mayar da hankali zuwa diamita na 0.25mm ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na gani na yau da kullun. Hasken laser CO₂ haske ne mai infrared mai nisa tare da tsawon tsayi na 10.6μm. Yawancin karafa suna da hasken haske na 80%-90% ga wannan nau'in haske, don haka ana buƙatar ruwan tabarau na musamman don mayar da hasken zuwa diamita na 0.75-1.0mm. Ƙarfin lasers na Nd:YAG gabaɗaya zai iya kaiwa kimanin 4,000-6,000W, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin yanzu ya kai 10,000W. Akasin haka, ƙarfin lasers na CO₂ zai iya kaiwa 20,000W cikin sauƙi ko ma sama da haka. Lasers na CO₂ masu ƙarfi suna magance matsalar hasken haske mai yawa ta hanyar tasirin ramin maɓalli. Lokacin da saman kayan da hasken ya haskaka ya narke, ramin maɓalli ya samar. Wannan ramin maɓalli da aka cika da tururi kamar jiki ne mai baƙi, wanda ke shan kusan dukkan kuzarin hasken da ya faru. Zafin daidaito a cikin ramin maɓalli yana kaiwa kimanin 25,000°C, kuma hasken yana raguwa da sauri cikin 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Duk da cewa ci gaban lasers na CO₂ har yanzu yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka kayan aiki da bincike, ba wai kawai game da ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa ba ne, amma game da yadda za a inganta ingancin katako da aikin mai da hankali. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da ake amfani da argon a matsayin iskar kariya don walda laser CO₂ tare da ƙarfin da ya wuce 10kW, sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙwayar plasma mai ƙarfi, wanda ke rage zurfin shiga. Saboda haka, helium, wanda ba ya samar da plasma, galibi ana amfani da shi azaman iskar kariya don walda laser mai ƙarfi na CO₂. Amfani da haɗakar laser diode don lu'ulu'u masu ƙarfi na Nd:YAG muhimmin batu ne na bincike da haɓakawa, wanda zai inganta ingancin hasken laser sosai kuma ya samar da ingantaccen sarrafa laser. Amfani da jerin diode kai tsaye don motsawa da fitar da lasers a yankin kusa da infrared ya cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin 1kW da ingancin canza hasken photoelectric na kusan 50%. Diodes kuma suna da tsawon rai na sabis (awanni 10,000), wanda ke taimakawa rage farashin kulawa na kayan aikin laser. Ci gaban kayan aikin laser mai ƙarfi na diode (DPSSL) shi ma yana ci gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-27-2025
