I. Inganta Fasahar Walda:Robots na Walda Mai Hankalikamar yadda Babban Hanyar
(1) Fasahar Walda: Tushen Masana'antar Zamani
Fasahar walda tana cimma haɗin kayan aiki ta hanyar zafi mai yawa ko matsin lamba, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a manyan sassa kamar su mota, sararin samaniya, da gini. Daidaito da ingancinta suna ƙayyade ƙarfin tsari da farashin samarwa na samfura kai tsaye. An rarraba ta ta hanyar tushen zafi da tsari, ta faɗi cikin rukuni uku: walda mai haɗaka, walda mai matsa lamba, da brazing. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin fasahohi ciki har da walda laser da walda mai amfani da wutar lantarki sun karya iyakokin hanyoyin gargajiya, suna biyan buƙatun masana'antu masu inganci.
Robot ɗin walda sun ƙunshi babban jiki (tare da hannayen robot masu axis shida a matsayin tsakiya) da kayan aikin walda masu tallafawa. Ta hanyar haɗa fasahohin fannoni daban-daban, suna ba da damarwalda mai inganci ta atomatikAn rarraba su ta hanyar tsari, sun haɗa da robot ɗin walda tabo, robot ɗin walda tabo, robot ɗin walda tabo tabo, da sauransu. Daga cikin waɗannan, robot ɗin walda tabo da walda tabo suna wakiltar kashi 90% na kasuwa, suna mamaye walda tabo mai sirara a masana'antar kera motoci da kuma samar da sassan babura na mota, na'urorin lantarki na 3C, bi da bi. Sabbin fasahohi kamar walda tabo tabo tabo suna hanzarta shiga sabbin sassan motocin makamashi da na sararin samaniya.
(2) Fasahar Balaga ta Robots Masu Wanke Hankali
Sabanin yanayin "koyarwa-da-maimaitawa" na robots na koyarwa na gargajiya, robots na walda masu wayo suna haɗa na'urori masu auna hangen nesa/laser da algorithms na hankali na wucin gadi don cimma nasarar gane dinkin walda na ainihin lokaci, samar da hanya ta atomatik, da ingantawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana rage dogaro da aikin hannu sosai kuma yana haɓaka sassaucin aiki, yana mai da su musamman dacewa ga fannoni marasa daidaito kamar su na'urorin lantarki masu daidaito da kayan aikin mota masu sauƙi, da kuma don yanayin samarwa mai ƙarancin girma.
Cikakken tsarin robot mai wayo wanda ke da wayo ya ƙunshi tsarin sarrafawa mai wayo, tsarin gano hangen nesa da bin diddigi, dandamalin shirye-shirye na offline, da kuma babban jikin robot. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da rage zagayowar umarni ta hanyar yin ƙira da kwaikwayon yanayi na kama-da-wane, cimma ingantaccen dabarun walda ta hanyar zurfafa koyo, da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton matsayi na millimeter tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da suka dace. A halin yanzu, an cimma manyan ci gaba kamar aikin koyarwa mara jagora ta hanyar hangen nesa na 3D. Fasaha tana canzawa daga yanayin "mai cin gashin kai" zuwa yanayin "mai cin gashin kai", kuma za ta cimma haɗin gwiwa tsakanin dandamali da raba ilimi bisa ga girgije a nan gaba ta hanyar dogaro da 5G da kwamfuta.
II. Babban Karancin Masu Walda: Fadada Kasuwa don Walda Mai Hankali
(1) Haɗaɗɗun Abubuwan da ke Haifar da Karancin Walda da Manufofi da ke ƙara Bukatar Sauyawa
Kasar Sin na fuskantar karancin masu walda sosai. A shekarar 2024, gibin bukatar samar da kayayyaki ya kai miliyan 3.49, inda karancin masu walda 400,000 na tsofaffi ke karuwa. Bugu da kari, tsarin shekaru yana tsufa, inda shekarun bayan 60 da 70 suka kai sama da kashi 60% na ma'aikata, yayin da shekarun bayan 90 suka kai kashi 13% kacal, wanda hakan ya haifar da wata babbar matsala ta "gibin tsararraki". Tare da mawuyacin yanayin aiki da kuma barazanar rashin lafiya na wuraren walda, matasa suna kara kin amincewa da daukar irin wadannan ayyuka, wanda hakan ke haifar da bukatar maye gurbin robot cikin gaggawa. Dangane da lissafin cewa robot daya zai iya maye gurbin masu walda 2.5, yuwuwar bukatar kasuwa ta kai raka'a miliyan 1.4.
Jihar ta ci gaba da fitar da manufofi don haɓaka yaɗuwar walda mai hankali. Tun daga Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 13 don Ci gaban Masana'antu Mai Hankali zuwa Tsarin Aiwatarwa na 2024 don Inganta Sabunta Kayan Aiki a Bangaren Masana'antu, an samar da tsarin tallafawa manufofi mai ɗorewa, yana fayyace ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha, yana haɓaka haɓaka kayan aiki, da kuma shimfida harsashi mai ƙarfi don ci gaban masana'antar.
(2) Ci gaban Kasuwa Mai Dorewa da Muhimman Fa'idodin Tattalin Arziki
Kasuwar robot ɗin walda ta duniya tana faɗaɗawa a hankali. Daga 2016 zuwa 2024, yawan tallace-tallace ya ƙaru daga raka'a 64,200 zuwa raka'a 102,000, inda aka yi hasashen cewa ƙimar ci gaban shekara-shekara zai kai kashi 6% da 8% a 2025 da 2026 bi da bi. Robot ɗin walda masu wayo suna ba da ingantaccen farashi mai kyau, tare da saurin walda na 50-160 cm/min wanda ya fi saurin walda na 40-60 cm/min. Suna ba da babban riba akan saka hannun jari (ROI) a cikin yanayi daban-daban na maye gurbin: a cikin mafi munin yanayi (maye gurbin mai walda 1), ana iya dawo da jarin cikin shekaru 4, tare da tara kuɗi na yuan miliyan 10.5 a cikin shekaru goma; a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi (maye gurbin mai walda 2.5), ana iya dawo da jarin a cikin shekara ta farko, tare da jimillar tanadin yuan miliyan 27 a cikin shekaru goma. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan robot ɗin za su iya aiki a kai a kai awanni 24 a rana don inganta inganci.
(3) Bukatar Gaggawa ga Yanayi Mara Daidaito: Inganta Shiga Cikin Tsarin Karfe da Sassan Gina Jiragen Ruwa
- Masana'antar Tsarin Karfe: A shekarar 2023, yawan sarrafa tsarin ƙarfe na ƙasa ya kai tan miliyan 112, ƙaruwar kashi 10.5% a shekara-shekara. Duk da haka, masana'antar tana fama da ƙarancin sarrafa kansa da kuma dogaro da aikin hannu sosai. A cewar kiyasi, kashi 60% na sarrafa tsarin ƙarfe yana buƙatar hanyoyin walda masu wayo. Lokacin da ake sa ran fitar da kayan zai kai tan miliyan 135 a shekarar 2025, zai samar da buƙatar kayan aiki 12,200, wanda hakan zai sa kasuwar ta wuce yuan biliyan 3.
- Masana'antar Gina Jiragen Ruwa: A shekarar 2024, kasar Sin ta kasance ta farko a duniya a cikin manyan alamomi guda uku: yawan kammala jiragen ruwa, sabbin kudaden shiga, da kuma bayanan oda, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 50% na jimillar kudaden duniya a kowane fanni. Duk da haka, masana'antar tana fuskantar kalubale kamar dinkin walda mai sarkakiya da kuma keɓance kananan tsari, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsaloli.hanyoyin walda na gargajiyaMatsalar da ake fuskanta. A shekarar 2024, akwai kimanin masu walda 187,800 da aka tabbatar a kasar Sin. Dangane da kashi 15% na yawan shigar burtu, bukatar robots masu wayo ta walda ta kai raka'a 18,800, wanda ya yi daidai da girman kasuwa na yuan biliyan 5.634. Idan yawan shigar burtu ya karu zuwa kashi 30%, girman kasuwar zai wuce yuan biliyan 10.
III. Tsarin Sarkar Masana'antu na Robots na Walda Mai Hankali
Sarkar masana'antu ta ƙunshi samar da kayan aiki daga sama, haɗakar tsarin tsakiya, da aikace-aikacen masana'antu daga ƙasa, haɗa fasahohi daga fannoni daban-daban kamar na'urorin robot, fasahar wucin gadi, da hangen nesa na na'ura. Daga cikin waɗannan, babban jikin robot da tsarin hangen nesa/laser tare sun kai sama da kashi 60% na jimlar kuɗin.
Sashen sama yana samar da muhimman abubuwan da suka haɗa da manyan jikin robot, tsarin sarrafawa mai hankali, da tsarin bin diddigin haɗin walda, waɗanda ke ƙayyade daidaiton aikin kayan aiki. Masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki ta walda ta cikin gida sun ɗauki matsayi a kan gaba, yayin da kamfanonin gida a ɓangaren software na hangen nesa na 3D da shirye-shirye na offline ke karya ikon mallakar jarin ƙasashen waje. Masu haɗaka na tsakiya suna haɗa kayan aiki don samar da mafita na musamman ga yanayi, suna biyan buƙatun wuraren aiki da layin samarwa na masana'antu kamar tsarin ƙarfe da gina jiragen ruwa. Masana'antun gida suna mai da hankali kan tsarin hanya mai hankali don hidimar masana'antu marasa daidaito. Sashen ƙasa yana ganin aikace-aikacen gargajiya da aka mayar da hankali a cikin tsarin ƙarfe da gina jiragen ruwa, kuma a hankali yana shiga cikin manyan fannoni kamar motoci, sabbin makamashi, da sararin samaniya, suna fitowa a matsayin kayan aiki na asali ga kamfanoni don inganta inganci da rage haɗari.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-23-2025
