Samuwar da haɓaka ramukan maɓalli:
Ma'anar maɓalli: Lokacin da bacewar radiation ya fi 10 ^ 6W / cm ^ 2, saman kayan yana narkewa kuma yana ƙafe a ƙarƙashin aikin laser. Lokacin da gudun hijirar ya yi girma sosai, matsin da aka haifar da tururi ya isa ya shawo kan tashin hankali da kuma nauyin ruwa na karfen ruwa, ta haka ne ya kawar da wasu daga cikin karfen ruwa, yana haifar da narkakken tafkin a yankin tashin hankali ya nutse kuma ya samar da ƙananan ramuka. ; Hasken hasken yana aiki kai tsaye a kasan ƙaramin ramin, yana sa ƙarfe ya ƙara narke da hayaƙi. Babban tururi yana ci gaba da tilasta karfen ruwa a kasan ramin ya kwarara zuwa gefen tafkin narkakkar, yana kara zurfafa karamin rami. Wannan tsari yana ci gaba, a ƙarshe yana samar da rami mai maɓalli kamar rami a cikin ƙarfen ruwa. Lokacin da matsa lamba ta tururi na ƙarfe da katako na Laser ke haifarwa a cikin ƙaramin rami ya kai daidaito tare da tashin hankali na sama da nauyi na ƙarfe na ruwa, ƙaramin rami ba ya ƙara zurfafawa kuma ya samar da zurfin kwanciyar hankali ƙaramin rami, wanda ake kira "ƙaramin ramin sakamako" .
Yayin da katakon Laser ke motsawa dangane da kayan aikin, ƙaramin rami yana nuna gaban mai lanƙwasa kaɗan da baya da madaidaicin alwatika a bayansa. Gaban gaba na ƙananan rami shine yanki na aikin laser, tare da zafin jiki mai zafi da matsananciyar tururi, yayin da zafin jiki tare da gefen baya yana da ƙananan ƙananan kuma tururi yana da ƙananan. A karkashin wannan matsa lamba da bambancin zafin jiki, narkakken ruwa yana gudana a kusa da ƙaramin rami daga ƙarshen gaba zuwa ƙarshen baya, yana yin vortex a ƙarshen ƙaramin ramin, kuma a ƙarshe yana ƙarfafa a gefen baya. Halin yanayin ɗorewa na maɓalli da aka samu ta hanyar simintin laser da ainihin walƙiya ana nuna su a cikin wannan adadi na sama, Halin halittar ƙananan ramuka da kwararar ruwa mai narke yayin tafiya cikin sauri daban-daban.
Saboda kasancewar ƙananan ramuka, makamashin katako na laser yana shiga cikin kayan ciki, yana samar da wannan sutura mai zurfi da kunkuntar. Halin dabi'a na giciye-ɓangarorin halitta na Laser zurfin shigar walda kabu yana nunawa a cikin wannan adadi na sama. Zurfin shigar da kabu ɗin walda yana kusa da zurfin rami mai maɓalli (don zama madaidaici, Layer na metallographic yana da zurfin 60-100um zurfi fiye da ramin maɓalli, ƙaramin ruwa ƙasa). Mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfin Laser, ƙaramar rami mafi zurfi, kuma mafi girman zurfin shiga cikin kabu na weld. A cikin walƙiya mai ƙarfi Laser, matsakaicin zurfin zuwa nisa rabo na kabu na walda zai iya kaiwa 12: 1.
Analysis na sha namakamashin laserta rami
Kafin samuwar ƙananan ramuka da plasma, ana watsa makamashin Laser mafi yawa zuwa cikin kayan aikin ta hanyar sarrafa zafi. Tsarin waldawa na walda ne (tare da zurfin shigar ciki ƙasa da 0.5mm), kuma ƙimar ɗaukar Laser ɗin kayan yana tsakanin 25-45%. Da zarar an kafa keyhole, makamashi na Laser yafi tunawa da ciki na workpiece ta hanyar tasirin keyhole, kuma tsarin waldawa ya zama waldi mai zurfi (tare da zurfin shigar ciki fiye da 0.5mm), ƙimar sha na iya isa. fiye da 60-90%.
Sakamakon keyhole yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka sha na Laser yayin aiki kamar walda Laser, yankan, da hakowa. Laser katako da ke shiga ramin maɓalli yana kusan cikawa ta hanyar tunani da yawa daga bangon ramin.
An yi imani da cewa tsarin ɗaukar makamashi na Laser a cikin ramin maɓalli ya ƙunshi matakai guda biyu: juyewar juye da shayarwar Fresnel.
Ma'aunin matsi a cikin ramin maɓalli
A lokacin waldi mai zurfi na laser mai zurfi, kayan yana jurewa mai tsananin vaporization, kuma ƙarfin faɗaɗawa da tururi mai zafi ya haifar yana fitar da ƙarfen ruwa, yana samar da ƙananan ramuka. Baya ga tururi matsa lamba da kuma ablation matsa lamba (wanda kuma aka sani da evaporation dauki karfi ko recoil matsa lamba) na abu, akwai kuma surface tashin hankali, ruwa a tsaye matsa lamba lalacewa ta hanyar nauyi, da ruwa tsauri matsa lamba haifar da kwararar narkakkar abu a cikin ƙaramin rami. Daga cikin waɗannan matsi, matsa lamba na tururi ne kawai ke kula da buɗe ƙaramin rami, yayin da sauran runduna uku ke ƙoƙarin rufe ƙaramin rami. Don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na maɓalli a lokacin aikin walda, matsa lamba na tururi dole ne ya isa ya shawo kan sauran juriya da cimma daidaito, yana riƙe da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na maɓalli. Don sauƙi, an yi imani da cewa sojojin da ke aiki akan bangon maɓalli sun fi yawan matsa lamba (matsi na tururi na ƙarfe) da tashin hankali.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali na Maɓalli
Bayan Fage: Laser yana aiki a saman kayan, yana haifar da babban adadin ƙarfe don ƙafe. Matsi na koma baya yana danna ƙasa narkakken tafkin, yana samar da ramukan maɓalli da plasma, yana haifar da haɓaka zurfin narkewa. A lokacin aiwatar da motsi, Laser ya buga bangon gaba na ɗigon maɓalli, kuma matsayin da Laser ya tuntuɓar kayan zai haifar da ƙawancen abu mai tsanani. A lokaci guda kuma bangon ramin maɓalli zai fuskanci asara mai yawa, ƙawancen zai haifar da matsa lamba wanda zai danna kan karfen ruwa, wanda hakan zai haifar da bangon ciki na ramin maɓalli ya jujjuya ƙasa kuma ya zagaya ƙasan ramin ɗin zuwa ƙasa. bayan tafkin narkakkar. Sakamakon canjin ruwan narkakken ruwa daga bangon gaba zuwa bangon baya, ƙarar da ke cikin ɗigon maɓalli yana canzawa koyaushe, Matsalolin ciki na ramin maɓalli kuma yana canzawa daidai da haka, wanda ke haifar da canjin ƙarar ƙwayar plasma da aka fesa. . Canji a cikin ƙarar plasma yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin garkuwa, refraction, da kuma sha da makamashin Laser, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin makamashin Laser ya isa saman kayan. A dukan tsari ne mai tsauri da kuma lokaci-lokaci, kyakkyawan sakamakon a cikin sawtooth siffa da wavy karfe shigar azzakari cikin farji, kuma babu wani santsi daidai shigar azzakari cikin farji weld, A sama adadi ne giciye-section view na tsakiyar weld samu ta a tsaye yankan a layi daya da tsakiyar walda, da kuma ainihin ma'aunin ma'aunin maɓalli na zurfin bambancin taIPG- LDD a matsayin shaida.
Inganta kwanciyar hankali na ramin maɓalli
A lokacin waldi mai zurfi na Laser, ana iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na ƙaramin rami ta hanyar ma'auni mai ƙarfi na matsi daban-daban a cikin rami. Duk da haka, shayar da makamashin Laser ta bangon rami da fitar da kayan, fitar da tururi na karfe a wajen karamin rami, da motsi na gaba na karamin rami da narkakken tafkin duk matakai ne masu tsanani da sauri. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na tsari, a wasu lokuta a lokacin aikin walda, akwai yiwuwar cewa kwanciyar hankali na ƙananan rami na iya rushewa a cikin yankunan gida, yana haifar da lahani na walda. Mafi yawan al'ada da na kowa sune ƙananan lahani na poresity na pores da spatter lalacewa ta hanyar rushewar maɓalli;
Don haka ta yaya za a daidaita maɓalli?
Juyawar ruwan maɓalli yana da ɗan rikitarwa kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa (filin zafin jiki, filin kwarara, filin ƙarfi, kimiyyar kimiyyar gani da ido), waɗanda za a iya taƙaita su cikin nau'i biyu kawai: alaƙar da ke tsakanin tashin hankali na sama da matsin lamba na tururi; Matsakaicin sake dawo da tururin karfe yana aiki kai tsaye akan haɓakar ramukan maɓalli, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da zurfi da ƙarar ramukan maɓalli. A lokaci guda kuma, a matsayin kawai abu mai motsi sama da tururi na ƙarfe a cikin tsarin walda, yana da alaƙa da kusanci da abin da ya faru na spatter; Tashin hankali na saman yana rinjayar magudanar ruwa na narkakkar;
Don haka barga Laser walda tsari ya dogara da kiyaye rarraba gradient na surface tashin hankali a cikin narkakkar pool, ba tare da yawa hawa da sauka. Tashin hankali yana da alaƙa da rarraba zafin jiki, kuma rarraba zafin jiki yana da alaƙa da tushen zafi. Saboda haka, hada zafi tushen da lilo waldi ne m fasaha kwatance ga barga waldi tsari;
Tushen ƙarfe da ƙarar maɓalli suna buƙatar kula da tasirin plasma da girman buɗewar maɓalli. Mafi girman buɗewa, mafi girman maɓalli, da sauye-sauyen da ba su da kyau a cikin ƙasa na tafkin narke, wanda ke da ƙananan tasiri a kan babban maɓalli na maɓalli da canje-canje na ciki; Don haka daidaitacce yanayin zobe Laser (annular spot), Laser arc recombination, mita modulation, da dai sauransu duk kwatance ne da za a iya fadada.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-01-2023
