Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar walda ta gargajiya,walda ta laseryana da fa'idodi marasa misaltuwa a fannin daidaiton walda, inganci, aminci, sarrafa kansa da sauran fannoni. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya bunƙasa cikin sauri a fannoni kamar motoci, makamashi, kayan lantarki da sauran fannoni, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fasahohin masana'antu mafi kyau a ƙarni na 21.
1. Bayani game da katako biyuwalda ta laser
Haske mai kauri biyuwalda ta lasershine a yi amfani da hanyoyin gani don raba laser ɗaya zuwa haske guda biyu daban-daban don walda, ko kuma a yi amfani da nau'ikan laser guda biyu daban-daban don haɗawa, kamar laser CO2, laser Nd: YAG da laser semiconductor mai ƙarfi. Ana iya haɗa duka. An ba da shawarar musamman don magance daidaitawar walda laser zuwa daidaiton haɗuwa, inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin walda, da inganta ingancin walda. Hasken walƙiya mai sauƙiwalda ta laserzai iya daidaita yanayin zafin walda cikin sauƙi da sassauƙa ta hanyar canza rabon kuzarin hasken rana, tazara tsakanin hasken rana, har ma da tsarin rarraba makamashi na hasken rana guda biyu, yana canza yanayin wanzuwar ramin maɓalli da tsarin kwararar ƙarfe mai ruwa a cikin tafkin narkakken ƙarfe. Yana ba da zaɓi mai faɗi na hanyoyin walda. Ba wai kawai yana da fa'idodin manyan fitilu ba.walda ta lasershigar azzakari, saurin gudu da kuma daidaito mai yawa, amma kuma ya dace da kayan aiki da haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke da wahalar walda da na gargajiyawalda ta laser.
Don katako biyuwalda ta laser, da farko za mu tattauna hanyoyin aiwatarwa na laser mai walƙiya biyu. Cikakken wallafe-wallafen sun nuna cewa akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma walda mai walƙiya biyu: mai da hankali kan watsawa da mai da hankali kan tunani. Musamman, ana cimma ɗaya ta hanyar daidaita kusurwa da tazara tsakanin lasers guda biyu ta hanyar madubai masu mayar da hankali da madubai masu haɗa kai. Ɗayan kuma ana cimma ta ta amfani da tushen laser sannan a mai da hankali ta hanyar madubai masu nuna haske, madubai masu watsawa da madubai masu siffar wedge don cimma haske biyu. Ga hanya ta farko, akwai siffofi uku galibi. Siffa ta farko ita ce a haɗa lasers guda biyu ta hanyar zare na gani sannan a raba su zuwa katako biyu daban-daban a ƙarƙashin madubi mai haɗa kai da madubi mai mayar da hankali. Na biyu shine lasers guda biyu suna fitar da katakon laser ta cikin kawunan walda daban-daban, kuma ana samar da katako biyu ta hanyar daidaita matsayin sararin kan walda. Hanya ta uku ita ce, katakon laser da farko ana raba shi ta madubai guda biyu 1 da 2, sannan a mai da hankali ta madubai guda biyu 3 da 4 bi da bi. Ana iya daidaita matsayi da nisa tsakanin wuraren da aka fi mayar da hankali guda biyu ta hanyar daidaita kusurwoyin madubai biyu masu mayar da hankali guda 3 da 4. Hanya ta biyu ita ce amfani da laser mai ƙarfi don raba hasken don cimma haske biyu, da kuma daidaita kusurwa da tazara ta madubi mai hangen nesa da madubi mai mayar da hankali. Hotuna biyu na ƙarshe a jere na farko da ke ƙasa suna nuna tsarin spectroscopic na laser CO2. An maye gurbin madubi mai faɗi da madubi mai siffar wedge kuma an sanya shi a gaban madubin mai mayar da hankali don raba hasken don samun haske mai layi biyu.
Bayan fahimtar aiwatar da katako biyu, bari mu gabatar da ƙa'idodi da hanyoyin walda a takaice. A cikin katako biyuwalda ta lasertsari, akwai tsare-tsare guda uku na katako, wato tsari na serial, tsari mai layi daya da tsari na gauraye. zane, wato, akwai nisa a duka alkiblar walda da kuma alkiblar walda a tsaye. Kamar yadda aka nuna a layi na karshe na hoton, bisa ga siffofi daban-daban na ƙananan ramuka da tafkunan narkakken da suka bayyana a ƙarƙashin tazara daban-daban yayin aikin walda na serial, ana iya raba su zuwa narke guda ɗaya. Akwai yanayi uku: wurin waha, wurin waha na narkakken da wurin waha na narkakken da aka raba. Halayen wurin waha na narkakken da wurin waha na narkakken da aka raba suna kama da na wurin waha guda ɗaya.walda ta laser, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane-zanen lambobi. Akwai tasirin tsari daban-daban ga nau'ikan daban-daban.
Nau'i na 1: A ƙarƙashin wani tazara ta musamman, ramukan maɓalli guda biyu suna samar da babban ramin maɓalli na gama gari a cikin wannan wurin narkakken narke; ga nau'in 1, an ruwaito cewa ana amfani da fitilar haske ɗaya don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin rami, ɗayan kuma ana amfani da fitilar don walda zafi, wanda zai iya inganta halayen tsarin ƙarfe mai yawan carbon da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe.
Nau'i na 2: Ƙara tazara tsakanin tabo a cikin wannan wurin narkakken narkakken, raba tabo biyu zuwa ramuka biyu masu zaman kansu, sannan a canza tsarin kwararar wurin narkakken narkakken; ga nau'in 2, aikinsa yayi daidai da walda biyu na wutar lantarki, Yana rage yawan walda da walda marasa tsari a tsawon da ya dace.
Nau'i na 3: Ƙara tazara tsakanin tabo da kuma canza rabon kuzarin tabo biyu, ta yadda ɗaya daga cikin tabo biyu za a yi amfani da shi azaman tushen zafi don yin aikin walda kafin walda ko bayan walda yayin aikin walda, sannan ɗayan tabo za a yi amfani da shi don samar da ƙananan ramuka. Ga nau'in 3, binciken ya gano cewa tabo biyu suna samar da maɓalli, ƙaramin ramin ba shi da sauƙin rugujewa, kuma walda ba shi da sauƙin samar da ramuka.
2. Tasirin tsarin walda akan ingancin walda
Tasirin rabon makamashin serial beam akan samuwar dinkin walda
Idan ƙarfin laser ya kai 2kW, saurin walda shine 45 mm/s, adadin defocus shine 0mm, kuma tazara tsakanin katako shine 3 mm, siffar saman walda lokacin canza RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton. Idan RS=0.50 da 2.00, walda ta lalace sosai, kuma akwai ƙarin warwatsewa a gefen walda, ba tare da samar da tsarin sikelin kifi na yau da kullun ba. Wannan saboda lokacin da rabon kuzarin katako ya yi ƙanƙanta ko ya yi yawa, kuzarin laser ya yi yawa, yana haifar da ramin laser ɗin ya yi ƙarfi sosai yayin aikin walda, kuma matsin lamba na tururi yana haifar da fitar da ƙarfen tafkin da aka narke da fesawa a cikin tafkin da aka narke; Shigar da zafi mai yawa yana sa zurfin shigar tafkin da aka narke a gefen ƙarfen aluminum ya yi girma sosai, yana haifar da raguwa a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi. Idan RS=0.67 da 1.50, tsarin sikelin kifi a saman walda ya yi daidai, siffar walda ta fi kyau, kuma babu fashewar zafi, ramuka da sauran lahani na walda da ake gani a saman walda. Siffofin sassan walda masu rabon makamashin katako daban-daban RS kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton. Sashen walda yana cikin "siffar gilashin giya" ta yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ana gudanar da aikin walda a cikin yanayin walda mai zurfi ta laser. RS yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan zurfin shigar P2 na walda a gefen aluminum. Lokacin da rabon makamashin katako RS=0.5, P2 shine microns 1203.2. Lokacin da rabon makamashin katako shine RS=0.67 da 1.5, P2 yana raguwa sosai, wanda shine microns 403.3 da microns 93.6 bi da bi. Lokacin da rabon makamashin katako shine RS=2, zurfin shigar walda na sashin haɗin gwiwa shine microns 1151.6.
Tasirin rabon makamashi tsakanin haske da makamashi a layi daya akan samuwar dinkin walda
Idan ƙarfin laser ya kai 2.8kW, saurin walda shine 33mm/s, adadin defocus shine 0mm, kuma tazara tsakanin hasken shine 1mm, ana samun saman walda ta hanyar canza rabon kuzarin hasken (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5, 2, 4) An nuna bayyanar a cikin hoton. Idan RS=2, tsarin sikelin kifi a saman walda ba shi da tsari sosai. Fuskar walda da aka samu ta sauran rabon kuzarin hasken rana guda biyar daban-daban an samar da ita sosai, kuma babu wasu lahani da ake iya gani kamar pores da sptatter. Saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da serial-biam dual-beamwalda ta laser, saman walda ta amfani da katako biyu masu layi ɗaya yana da daidaito da kyau. Lokacin da RS=0.25, akwai ɗan raguwa a cikin walda; yayin da rabon kuzarin hasken rana ke ƙaruwa a hankali (RS=0.5, 0.67 da 1.5), saman walda yana da daidaito kuma babu wani raguwa da aka samu; duk da haka, lokacin da rabon kuzarin hasken rana ya ƙara ƙaruwa (RS=1.50, 2.00), amma akwai raguwa a saman walda. Lokacin da rabon kuzarin hasken rana RS=0.25, 1.5 da 2, siffar giciye na walda "mai siffar gilashin giya" ce; lokacin da RS=0.50, 0.67 da 1, siffar giciye na walda "mai siffar rami". Lokacin da RS=4, ba wai kawai ana haifar da tsagewa a ƙasan walda ba, har ma ana samar da wasu ramuka a tsakiyar da ƙasan walda. Lokacin da RS=2, manyan ramukan tsari suna bayyana a cikin walda, amma babu tsagewa da suka bayyana. Idan RS=0.5, 0.67 da 1.5, zurfin shigar P2 na walda a gefen ƙarfe na aluminum ya ƙanƙanta, kuma ɓangaren giciye na walda ya yi kyau kuma babu wata matsala ta walda da aka samu. Waɗannan suna nuna cewa rabon kuzarin hasken rana yayin walda laser mai layi biyu shima yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lahani na shigar walda da walda.
Layi mai layi ɗaya - tasirin tazara tsakanin katako akan samuwar dinkin walda
Idan ƙarfin laser ya kai 2.8kW, saurin walda shine 33mm/s, adadin defocus shine 0mm, kuma rabon kuzarin hasken shine RS=0.67, canza tazarar hasken (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) don samun yanayin saman walda kamar yadda hoton ya nuna. Idan d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, saman walda yana da santsi da lebur, kuma siffar tana da kyau; tsarin sikelin kifin walda na yau da kullun yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau, kuma babu ramuka, tsagewa da sauran lahani da ake gani. Saboda haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin tazarar hasken wuta guda huɗu, saman walda yana da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da d=2 mm, walda daban-daban guda biyu suna samuwa, wanda ke nuna cewa hasken laser guda biyu masu layi ɗaya ba sa aiki akan tafkin narkewa, kuma ba za su iya samar da ingantaccen walda mai amfani da hasken laser mai haske biyu ba. Idan tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ta kai 0.5mm, walda tana da siffar "zurfi", zurfin shigar P2 na walda a gefen walda na aluminum shine microns 712.9, kuma babu tsagewa, ramuka da sauran lahani a cikin walda. Yayin da tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, zurfin shigar P2 na walda a gefen walda na aluminum yana raguwa sosai. Lokacin da tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ta kai 1mm, zurfin shigar walda a gefen walda na aluminum shine microns 94.2 kawai. Yayin da tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ta kara ƙaruwa, walda ba ta samar da ingantaccen shigar walda a gefen walda na aluminum ba. Saboda haka, lokacin da tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ta kai 0.5mm, tasirin sake haɗa walda biyu shine mafi kyau. Yayin da tazarar hasken wutar lantarki ta karu, shigar da zafi na walda yana raguwa sosai, kuma tasirin sake haɗa walda na laser biyu yana ƙara muni a hankali.
Bambancin yanayin walda yana faruwa ne sakamakon bambancin kwarara da sanyayawar tafkin da aka narke yayin aikin walda. Hanyar kwaikwayon lambobi ba wai kawai za ta iya sa nazarin damuwa na tafkin da aka narke ya zama mai sauƙin fahimta ba, har ma da rage farashin gwaji. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna canje-canje a cikin tafkin narke gefe tare da katako ɗaya, shirye-shirye daban-daban da tazara tabo. Babban sakamakon ya haɗa da: (1) A lokacin katako ɗayawalda ta lasertsari, zurfin ramin tafkin da aka narke ya fi zurfi, akwai wani abu na rugujewar rami, bangon ramin ba shi da tsari, kuma rarraba filin kwarara kusa da bangon ramin bai daidaita ba; kusa da saman bayan tafkin da aka narke. Sake kwararar ruwa yana da ƙarfi, kuma akwai sake kwararar ruwa sama a ƙasan tafkin da aka narke; rarraba filin kwararar ruwa na tafkin da aka narke a saman yana da daidaito kuma a hankali, kuma faɗin tafkin da aka narke ba daidai ba ne tare da zurfin alkibla. Akwai matsala da matsin lamba na komawar bango a cikin tafkin da aka narke tsakanin ƙananan ramuka a cikin katako biyuwalda ta laser, kuma koyaushe yana wanzuwa tare da zurfin alkiblar ƙananan ramukan. Yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin sandunan biyu ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, yawan kuzarin katakon yana canzawa a hankali daga kololuwa ɗaya zuwa yanayin kololuwa biyu. Akwai ƙaramin ƙima tsakanin kololuwa biyu, kuma yawan kuzarin yana raguwa a hankali. (2) Don katako biyuwalda ta laser, idan tazarar tabo ta kasance 0-0.5mm, zurfin ƙananan ramukan tafkin da aka narke yana raguwa kaɗan, kuma yanayin kwararar tafkin da aka narke gabaɗaya yayi kama da na katako ɗayawalda ta laser; idan tazarar tabo ta wuce 1mm, ƙananan ramukan za su rabu gaba ɗaya, kuma a lokacin aikin walda Babu kusan wata hulɗa tsakanin lasers guda biyu, wanda yayi daidai da walda laser guda biyu a jere/biyu masu layi ɗaya masu ƙarfin 1750W. Babu kusan tasirin dumamawa, kuma yanayin kwararar tafki mai narkewa yayi kama da na walda laser guda ɗaya. (3) Lokacin da tazarar tabo ... Don walda mai layi ɗaya, faɗin wurin narkakken narkakken yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma tsawonsa ya kai matsakaicin 0.8mm, amma babu wani tasirin dumamawa; sake kwararar ruwa kusa da saman da ƙarfin Marangoni ya haifar koyaushe yana wanzuwa, kuma sake kwararar ruwa zuwa ƙasan ƙaramin ramin yana ɓacewa a hankali; filin kwararar ruwa mai giciye bai yi kyau ba kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi a jere, matsalar ba ta shafi kwararar ruwa a ɓangarorin biyu na wurin narkakken narkakken ba, kuma faɗin narkakken yana rarrabawa ba daidai ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-12-2023
