Taro na Walda
1. Gibin Haɗawa da Rashin Daidaito
Ingancin haɗa kayan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da ingancin walda. Gibin haɗuwa ko rashin daidaiton kayan aiki na iya haifar da lahani cikin sauƙi kamar ƙonewa, rashin kyawun samuwar walda, da kuma rashin cikar shiga. Gibin haɗa kayan haɗin fillet da butt ya kamata ya zama ƙarami gwargwadon iko. Tebur na 8-2 ya lissafa buƙatun gibin da rashin daidaiton kayan aiki a walda ta atomatik ta laser da hannu.
Domin tabbatar da girman kayan aiki, rage nakasuwa, da kuma hana daidaiton yankin da za a walda saboda nakasuwar juyawa yayin walda, yawanci ana buƙatar walda tack kafin walda. Ana amfani da hanyar aiki iri ɗaya da walda tack don walda tack. Tsawon walda tack shine 20-30mm, kuma buƙatun inganci don walda tack (misali, zurfin shiga da faɗi) sun yi ƙasa da na walda tack. Ana amfani da saurin tafiya mafi sauri don walda tack fiye da walda tact. Dangane da tabbatar da haɗin haɗin walda tack, walda tack ya kamata su kasance lebur, tsayi, da siriri, kuma kada su kasance babba, faɗi, ko tsayi fiye da kima. Walda tack kuma suna buƙatar isasshen kariya don guje wa iskar shaka.
3. Kayan aiki da maƙallan
Ana amfani da walda ta Laser galibi donwalda mai siraraA cikin walda mai sirara, yawanci ana yin walda a gefen gaba na kayan aikin, tare da isasshen narkewa a gefen baya don cimma walda mai kyau. Don zaɓar sigogi: ƙarancin shigar zafi na iya haifar da haɗuwa mara cika a baya; babban shigarwar zafi, yayin da yake tabbatar da cikakken shiga baya, na iya haifar da ƙonewa saboda nauyin ƙarfe mai narkewa ko faɗin narkewa mara daidaituwa dangane da kauri na kayan aikin. Don hana ƙonewa, idan kayan aikin ya ba da damar ɗaurewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin don manne kayan aikin yayin walda mai sirara - danna gefen gaba da sanya farantin baya na jan ƙarfe ko bakin ƙarfe a gefen baya. Wannan yana hana canje-canje a cikin gibin haɗuwa ko rashin daidaituwa wanda ya haifar da lalacewar walda kuma yana guje wa rushewar zafi. Lokacin da kayan aikin yana da rashin daidaituwar watsa zafi a yankuna saboda dalilai na tsari, amfani da kayan aiki don daidaita watsa zafi shima yana da tasiri, yana nufin samar da walda tare da girma iri ɗaya a ɓangarorin gaba da baya.
Zaɓin Sigogi na Walda
Gabaɗaya, sigogin walda na laser sun haɗa da ƙarfin laser, faɗin bugun laser, adadin cire hankali, saurin walda, da iskar gas mai kariya.
1. Ƙarfin Laser
Akwai ƙarfin laser mai iyaka a cikin walda ta laser. A ƙasa da wannan iyaka, zurfin shigarwa ba shi da zurfi; da zarar an kai shi ko ya wuce, zurfin shigarwa yana ƙaruwa sosai. Ana samar da plasma ne kawai lokacin da yawan ƙarfin laser da ke kan aikin ya wuce iyaka, yana nuna walda mai zurfi mai karko. A ƙasa da iyaka, narkewar saman kawai ke faruwa (walda mai dorewa ta hanyar zafi). Kusa da mawuyacin yanayi don ƙirƙirar ramin maɓalli, walda mai zurfi da mai zafi suna canzawa, wanda ke haifar da tsari mara tabbas tare da manyan canje-canje a cikin zurfin shigarwa. Ƙarfin Laser yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi a cikin sarrafa laser kuma babban abin da ke ƙayyade zurfin shigarwa ta walda. Don diamita mai ma'ana mai mahimmanci, yawan ƙarfin laser yana daidai da ƙarfin laser: ƙarfi mafi girma yana ƙara zurfin shigarwa da saurin walda. Duk da haka, ƙarfi mai yawa yana haifar da zafi mai yawa na tafkin da aka narke, yana ƙara faɗin walda da yankin da zafi ya shafa (HAZ), kuma yana haifar da ƙarin fashewa, wanda zai iya gurɓata ruwan tabarau na walda. Tare da babban iko, ana iya dumama saman Layer zuwa wurin tafasa kuma ya zama tururi sosai a cikin ƙananan daƙiƙa, yana mai da shi ya dace da hanyoyin cire kayan kamar haƙa, yankewa, da sassaka. Da ƙarancin ƙarfi, saman yana ɗaukar milliseconds kafin ya kai ga wurin tafasa, kuma saman yana narkewa kafin tururin saman ya fara aiki, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa haɗakar haɗin.
2. Faɗin bugun Laser
Faɗin bugun laser, ko "faɗin bugun jini," muhimmin ma'auni ne a cikin walda mai pulsed laser. Ana tantance shi ta hanyar zurfin shiga da HAZ: tsawon faɗin bugun jini yana ƙara HAZ, kuma zurfin shiga yana ƙaruwa tare da tushen murabba'in faɗin bugun jini. Duk da haka, tsawon faɗin bugun jini yana rage ƙarfin kololuwa, don haka galibi ana amfani da su don walda mai isar da zafi, suna samar da wid mai faɗi, mara zurfi - musamman dacewa da haɗin gwiwa na faranti masu sirara da kauri. Duk da haka, ƙarancin ƙarfin kololuwa yana haifar da shigar zafi mai yawa, kuma kowane abu yana da faɗin bugun jini mafi kyau don zurfin shiga.
3. Zaɓin Adadin Dakatar da Hankali
Matsayin wurin da aka mayar da hankali yana da mahimmanci a cikinwalda ta haɗa laserIdan aka mayar da hankali sama da saman aikin, zurfin shigar ciki yana da ƙanƙanta, wanda hakan ke sa walda mai zurfi ta shiga ciki ta yi wahala. Idan aka mayar da hankali ƙasa da saman, ƙarfin da ke cikin aikin ya fi na saman, yana haɓaka narkewar ruwa da tururi mai ƙarfi, yana ba da damar kuzari ya shiga zurfi cikin aikin da kuma ƙara zurfin shigar ciki. Akwai hanyoyi biyu na cire mayar da hankali: cire mai kyau (babban matakin mayar da hankali sama da aikin) da kuma cire mai kyau (babban matakin mayar da hankali ƙasa da aikin). A aikace, don faranti masu kauri da ke buƙatar zurfin shigar ciki, ana amfani da cire mai kyau, tare da mayar da hankali ta laser yawanci 1-2mm a ƙasa da aikin. Ga faranti masu siriri, ana fifita cire mai kyau, tare da mayar da hankali 1-1.5mm sama da saman.
4. Gudun Walda
Da wasu sigogi da aka gyara, zurfin shigar ciki yana raguwa yayin da saurin walda ke ƙaruwa, yayin da inganci ke inganta. Saurin da ya wuce kima ya kasa cika buƙatun shigar ciki; ƙarancin gudu da ya wuce kima yana haifar da narkewa da yawa, walda mai faɗi, zafi fiye da kima na HAZ, da kuma ƙaruwar yanayin fashewa mai zafi.walda ta laser mai pulsed, ana kuma ƙayyade saurin ta hanyar matsakaicin mitar bugun jini da kuma haɗuwar tabo da ake buƙata - kowane wurin bugun jini na gaba dole ne ya haɗu zuwa wani mataki. Don haka, ga wani ƙarfin laser da kauri na kayan aiki, akwai mafi kyawun kewayon gudu, wanda a ciki ake cimma matsakaicin zurfin shiga a takamaiman gudu.
5. Iskar Gas Mai Kariya
Sau da yawa ana amfani da iskar gas mara aiki don kare wurin narkakken narkewa yayin walda ta laser. Duk da cewa wasu kayan bazai buƙaci kariya daga iskar shaka a saman ba, yawancin aikace-aikacen suna da su. A al'ada, ana amfani da Ar, N₂, da He don walda ta laser ta aluminum alloy don hana iskar shaka. A ka'ida, Shi ne mafi sauƙi tare da mafi girman kuzarin ionization, amma a ƙarancin ƙarfi da babban gudu, plasma yana da rauni, yana rage bambance-bambance tsakanin iskar shaka. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, N₂ yana haifar da samuwar ramin maɓalli cikin sauƙi saboda halayen exothermic tare da Al; sakamakon mahaɗan ternary na Al-NO yana da mafi girman sha na laser. Duk da haka, tsarkakakken N₂ yana samar da matakai masu rauni na Al-N da pores a cikin walda. Iskar gas mara aiki, kasancewarta mai sauƙi, tana tserewa ba tare da haifar da pores ba, yana sa gaurayen iskar shaka sun fi tasiri. Kwanan nan, bincike kan walda ta laser ta amfani da gaurayen Ar-O₂ da N₂-O₂ ya ƙaru.
6. Shakar Kayan Aiki
Shakar makamashin laser ta abu ya dogara ne da halaye kamar sha, haske, watsawar zafi, zafin narkewa, da zafin ƙafewa, inda sha shine mafi mahimmanci. Abubuwan da ke shafar sha sun haɗa da:
Juriyar Wutar Lantarki: Ga saman da aka goge, sha yana daidai da tushen murabba'in juriya, wanda ya bambanta da zafin jiki.
Yanayin saman: Yana da tasiri sosai kan sha da kuma sakamakon walda.
Nasihu da Takamaiman Aiki don Walda na Fiber Laser na Hannu
1. Guji Radiation na Baka
Masu walda na Laser na fiber na hannuYi amfani da na'urorin laser na fiber na aji 4 waɗanda ke fitar da hasken rana (1080±3)nm tare da ƙarfin fitarwa sama da 1000W (ya danganta da samfurin). Fuskar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice na iya lalata idanu ko fata. Ko da yake ba a iya gani, hasken na iya haifar da lalacewa mara misaltuwa ga retina ko cornea. Kullum a saka gilashin kariya na laser da aka tabbatar lokacin da laser ɗin ke aiki. Kada a taɓa kallon kan fitarwa kai tsaye yayin da laser ɗin ke kunne, koda da gilashin kariya.
2. Saita Sigogi na Walda
Saita ƙarancin ƙarfin laser a kan allon taɓawa (kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 8-2). Sanya bututun jan ƙarfe na kan walda a kan kayan aikin kuma danna maɓallin kunna wutar don fitar da laser don walda. Sigogi na yau da kullun: mitar laser 5000Hz, saurin galvanometer 300-600, jinkirin iskar gas >100ms, zagayowar aiki 100% don ci gaba da fitar da hayaki. Daidaita faɗin walda bisa ga gibin haɗuwa; ana iya daidaita wutar daga 0-1000W (0-100% na matsakaicin). Bayan shigar da sigogi, danna "Ok" kuma adana don saitunan su fara aiki.
4. Kada Ka Ƙara Saurin Walda da Yawa
Ana samar da walda ta hanyar motsa tushen laser (duba Hoto na 8-3). Zurfi da faɗi sun dogara ne akan gudu da ƙarfi, tare da saurin da aka saba na 1-3 m/min, suna samar da saman da ba su da sikelin tare da rabon fuska <1. Ga madaidaicin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki, canjin saurin yana shafar shigar zafi kai tsaye, yana canza shigar da shi da faɗi. Saurin gudu mai yawa yana haifar da rashin isasshen dumama, wanda ke haifar da raguwar shigar da shi, faɗin da ya yi ƙanƙanta, ramuka, da kuma shigar da shi ba tare da cikakke ba.
Tsaftace injina: Yi amfani da goga na bakin ƙarfe ko ƙafafun iska don cire oxides har sai an sami farin haske. A yi walda nan da nan bayan an goge; a sake gogewa idan walda ta yi jinkiri fiye da awanni 36.
Tsaftace sinadarai: Cire oxides ta amfani da halayen sinadarai (hanyoyi sun bambanta dangane da kayan aiki). Tebur na 8-3 ya lissafa hanyoyin tsaftacewa na sinadarai don ƙarfe na aluminum. Cire mai/ƙura tare da abubuwan narkewa na halitta (gasoline, isopropyl alcohol) ta hanyar jiƙa, gogewa, da bushewa.
5. Rage girman ramuka
Ana amfani da ramukan hydrogen a walda na laser na aluminum. Rage su ta hanyar cire danshi a saman, mai, da oxides. Tsawaita lokacin sanyaya narkar da wurin wanka (ta hanyar ƙara faɗin bugun jini) yana taimakawa iskar gas ta fita, kamar yadda saurin zagayowar zafi na walda na laser ke iyakance sakin iskar gas. Guji mayar da hankali ko matsayin rashin mayar da hankali mara kyau, inda zafin amsawar wurin wanka na narkar da ...
6. Kula da Matsayin Rike Tocila
Fitilolin laser na hannu (duba Hoto na 8-4) sun fi fitilolin TIG nauyi kuma suna da kebul mai kauri, wanda ke haifar da gajiyar mai aiki. Don yin walda mai tsawo, riƙe fitilolin da hannu biyu, riƙe bututun a wurin aiki, daidaita walda a gani, sannan ka ja fitilolin a hankali zuwa gare ka. Daidaita yanayin aiki bisa ga matsayin walda don rage gajiya da adadin haɗin gwiwa.
7. Hana Raunukan Laser
Yin aiki mara kyau na iya haifar da haɗari. Bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi:
Kada ka taɓa kallon kan fitar da laser yayin aiki.
Kada a yi amfani da shina'urorin laser na fibera cikin yanayi mai duhu/duhu.
Kada ka taɓa kunna wutar lantarki a kan mutane idan na'urar tana aiki.
Yi amfani da shingen ƙarfe a cikin mita 3 daga yankin walda.
A takaita damar shiga yankin walda ga masu aiki kawai.
Sanya kayan kariya (tabarau masu inganci, abin rufe fuska, safar hannu). Kada ka taɓa kallon kan fitarwa yayin da ake kunna laser, koda da tabarau.
A yi amfani da tocilan da kebul a hankali (mafi ƙarancin radius na lanƙwasawa > 200mm).
Kashe maɓallin fitar da laser idan ba a amfani da shi.
Tabbatar da ingancin bututun iskar gas don ingantaccen kariya daga iskar gas:
Bango mai santsi a ciki, mai ma'ana tare da laser.
Sauya bututun da suka lalace cikin sauri domin ci gaba da motsi da tocila.
Girman buɗe bututun ƙarfe (duba Hoto na 8-6) yana shafar ingancin walda: manyan ramuka suna ƙara kwararar iskar gas, suna hanzarta ƙarfafawa da kuma ƙara haɗarin ramuka/fashewa.
8. Guji Babban Gudu Don Alloys Masu Saurin Rage Tsagewa
Walda ta Laser da hannuyana amfani da tocilan galvanometer masu aiki da kansu, marasa waya, kuma masu juyawa. Sauri mai yawa yana rage shiga, yana rage walda, yana haifar da yankewa mara kyau, kuma yana kawo cikas ga rufewar iskar gas, wanda hakan ke ƙara ta'azzara kariya. Yi amfani da ƙananan gudu don ƙarfe masu saurin kamuwa da tsagewa.
9. Tabbatar da Ingancin Haɗin gwiwa
Bambancin zafin jiki da walda mara waya na iya haifar da ƙonewa, ramuka, ko tsagewar ramuka. A ci gaba da walda don rage tsayawa; idan tsayawa ba za a iya kauce mata ba (misali, canje-canjen matsayi, walda mai rabe-rabe), a rage gudu kaɗan (10mm) kafin a tsaya don hana ramuka. Sake kunna 20mm a bayan ramin da ya gabata don haɗuwa da inganci.
10. Bi Motsin Tocila Mai Kyau
Ja tocilan zuwa gare ku (daga nesa zuwa kusa) ba tare da juyawar gefe ba. Ku ci gaba da gudu daidai gwargwado yayin da kuke lura da yadda walda ke haɗuwa daidai gwargwado. Don walda a tsaye, yi amfani da tafiya ƙasa (ba sama ba) don amfani da ƙarfi mai sauri da tabbatar da motsi mai ƙarfi.
11. Guji yankewa a ƙasa, ƙananan fillets, da kuma rugujewa a cikin walda a kan cinya
Don walda na zagaye, daidaita kusurwar da laser ke ɗauka ta yadda galvanometer zai rufe 2/3 na farantin tsaye (duba Hoto na 8-7). Wannan yana narkar da farantin tsaye (a matsayin cikawa) da 1/3 na farantin tushe ta hanyar watsa zafi, yana samar da walda mai girman gaske bayan sanyaya. Walda mara kyau na zagaye yana raunana ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, yana rage juriyar tsagewa, ko kuma yana haifar da gazawar tsarin - a guji yankewa ƙasa.
12. Rage Haske a cikin Walda Aluminum Alloy
Aluminum yana nuna kashi 60-98% na ƙarfin laser. Hasken haske yana raguwa sosai a wurin narkewa kuma yana daidaita lokacin da ya narke. Sha yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar kusurwar faruwa; yawan sha yana faruwa a lokacin da aka saba (daidaita don kariyar ruwan tabarau). Rage haske ta hanyar cire oxides ta hanyar tsaftacewa ta inji/sinadarai.
13. Amfani da Iskar Gas Mai Kyau
Iskar gas mai kariya tana shafar samuwar walda, shigar ciki, da faɗinta. Yawancin iskar gas suna inganta inganci amma suna iya samun rashin amfani:
Ar: Ƙarfin ionization mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, yawan samuwar plasma (rage ingancin laser) amma mara aiki, mai rahusa, kuma mai yawa—yana rufe wurin narkewa yadda ya kamata (ya dace da amfani gabaɗaya).
N₂: Matsakaicin kuzarin ionization (yana rage plasma fiye da Ar), amma yana amsawa da aluminum/carbon steel don samar da nitrides masu karyewa, yana rage tauri (ba a ba da shawarar ga waɗannan kayan ba). Ya dace da bakin karfe, inda nitrides ke ƙara ƙarfi.
14. Kare Tsarin Gudun Iskar Gas
Ana fitar da iskar gas ta bututun a wani takamaiman matsin lamba. Tsarin bututun mai da diamita na fitar da iska suna da mahimmanci: babba ya isa ya rufe walda, amma an takaita shi don hana kwararar hayaki mai ƙarfi (wanda ke jawo iska kuma yana haifar da porosity). Don walda ta laser da hannu, yawan kwararar da aka saba samu shine L 7/min. Yawan kwararar da ke haifar da gurɓatawa yana haifar da gurɓatawa cikin tafkin da aka narkar, yana lalata tsarkin iskar gas—zaɓi madaidaicin saurin kwarara.
15. Matsayin Mai da hankali kan Laser
Matsayin mayar da hankali: Mafi ƙanƙanta wuri, mafi girman kuzari - amfani donwalda taboko ƙarancin kuzari, ƙarancin buƙatun girman tabo (duba Hoto na 8-8).
Rashin mayar da hankali mara kyau: Babban wuri (yana ƙaruwa da nisan da aka samu daga mayar da hankali)—ya dace da walda mai zurfi mai shiga ciki da kuma walda mai zurfi.
Rage maida hankali mai kyau: Babban tabo (yana ƙaruwa da nisan da aka samu daga mayar da hankali)—wanda ya dace da rufe saman ko kuma walda mai ci gaba da shiga ƙasa da sauri.
Sarrafa cikakken walda mai shiga jiki: Canjin launi kaɗan a baya yana nuna kyakkyawan inganci; alamun/shigarwa bayyanannu suna haifar da fashewa ko zurfafan ramuka a cikin walda mai ci gaba. Daidaita mayar da hankali, kuzari, da yanayin raƙuman ruwa bisa ga samfura. Yi amfani da ƙananan wurare don kayan da suka fi sirara don guje wa ƙonewa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-21-2025
