Walda na Laser Beam, tare da babban saurinsa, babban daidaito da kuma halayensa marasa taɓawa, ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni kamar motoci, jiragen sama, da na'urorin lantarki, musamman suna nuna fa'idodi na musamman a cikin haɗin kayan da ba su da kama da juna. Duk da haka, fashewar ƙarfafawa (Tsagewar Ƙarfi) da aka samar a lokacin aikin walda suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan lahani da ke takaita aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Waɗannan fasa yawanci suna faruwa ne a ƙarshen ƙarfafawa a yankin haɗuwa (Yankin Fusion), wanda ke haifar da tasirin damuwa na zafi, raguwar ƙarfafawa da fim ɗin ruwa akan iyakokin hatsi, wanda ke rage halayen injiniya da rayuwar gajiya na haɗin gwiwa sosai.
1. Tsarin tsari
Babban hanyar da ke haifar da tsagewar tauri tana cikin ragowar fim ɗin ruwa a iyakokin hatsi a ƙarshen tauri. A lokacin aikin tauri, tafkin da aka narke ya kasu kashi uku: yankin ruwa mai 'yanci, yankin ruwa mai ƙuntatawa, da yankin mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1. A yankin ruwa mai ƙuntatawa, kwararar ruwa tana toshewa kuma ba za ta iya rama nauyin da raguwar tauri ke haifarwa ba, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar iyakar hatsi. Rabon kuzarin iyaka na hatsi (γgb) zuwa makamashin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da ruwa (γsl) yana ƙayyade kwanciyar hankali na fim ɗin ruwa: idan γgb < 2γsl, fim ɗin ruwa ba shi da ƙarfi kuma haɗin hatsi yana faruwa; akasin haka, fim ɗin ruwa yana da ƙarfi kuma fara fashewa yana da saurin faruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, samuwar fasawar ƙarfafawa yana da alaƙa da halayen ƙarfe na kayan. Kayayyaki daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban na ƙarfafawa, kamar kewayon zafin jiki na ƙarfafawa, ƙimar raguwar ƙarfafawa, da rarraba abubuwan haɗin gwal, da sauransu. Waɗannan halaye suna tasiri ga saurin fasawa. Misali, a cikin kayan da ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na matakan eutectic mai ƙarancin narkewa, saurin fashewar ƙarfafawa ya fi girma saboda waɗannan matakan eutectic suna da saurin samar da fina-finai na ruwa masu ci gaba yayin ƙarfafawa, ta haka suna ƙara yawan samuwar fasawa.
A lokacintsarin walda na laser, sigogin walda kamar ƙarfin laser, saurin walda, da girman tabo suma suna da tasiri kan samuwar fasawar tauri. Waɗannan sigogi suna shafar shigar zafi da canjin zafin jiki yayin aikin walda, ta haka suna canza tsarin tauri da yanayin hatsi. Misali, ƙarfin laser mafi girma da ƙarancin saurin walda yana haifar da ƙarin shigar zafi da saurin sanyaya a hankali, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai kuma yana ƙara saurin tsagewa. Akasin haka, ƙarancin ƙarfin laser da saurin walda mafi girma yana haifar da ƙaramin shigar zafi da saurin sanyaya, yana sauƙaƙa samuwar lu'ulu'u masu daidaitawa da rage saurin tsagewa.
2. Matakan dannewa
Don magance fasawar ƙarfafawa yadda ya kamata a cikiwalda ta laser, masu bincike sun gabatar da dabaru daban-daban, waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin hatsi, inganta sigogin walda, da inganta halayen kayan. Ta hanyar tsaftace tsarin hatsi, ana iya ƙara yawan iyakokin hatsi, kuma ana iya rage yawan damuwa, ta haka ne ake rage samuwar fashe-fashe. Bincike ya nuna cewa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar juyawar hasken laser, ana iya canza lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai zuwa lu'ulu'u masu kyau ba tare da ƙara wasu kayan ba. Juyawar hasken laser na iya wargaza kuzarin laser, wanda ke haifar da rugujewar tafkin da ke narkewa, ta haka ne ke karya alkiblar girma na lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai da kuma haɓaka samuwar lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3. Bugu da ƙari, juyawar hasken laser na iya ƙara faɗin wurin waha mai narkewa, rage saurin zafin jiki, da kuma tsawaita lokacin ƙarfafa wurin waha mai narkewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen yaɗuwar abubuwan da ke narkewa da kuma sake cika fina-finan ruwa, ta haka ne ke rage saurin fashewar tauri sosai.
Rarraba fina-finan ruwa na iyaka da hatsi a ƙarƙashin siffofi daban-daban na tafki.
Zane mai tsari na wurin walda da aka narke, a, b) ba tare da juyawa ba, c, d) juyawar gefe, e, f) juyawar tsayi, g, h) juyawar kewaye.
Baya gahasken laserFasahar juyawa, ta amfani da hanyoyin laser guda biyu ita ce ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri don danne fasawar ƙarfafawa. Tushen laser guda biyu na iya samun sauyi daga lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai zuwa lu'ulu'u masu daidaitawa ta hanyar inganta zagayowar zafi, ta haka rage girman hatsi da yawan tari. Misali, lokacin amfani da laser CO₂ a matsayin babban tushen zafi da kuma laser mai ƙarfin Nd:YAG a matsayin tushen zafi mai taimako, ana iya samar da ingantaccen zagayowar zafi yayin walda, yana haɓaka samuwar lu'ulu'u masu daidaitawa da rage saurin fasawar ƙarfafawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4.
Inganta sigogin walda kuma hanya ce mai mahimmanci don danne fasawar tauri. Ta hanyar daidaita sigogi kamar ƙarfin laser, saurin walda, da girman tabo, ana iya sarrafa shigar zafi da canjin zafin jiki yayin aikin walda, ta haka ne ke tasiri ga tsarin tauri da yanayin hatsi. Bincike ya nuna cewa maganin dumama kafin lokaci zai iya rage saurin sanyaya, haɓaka samuwar lu'ulu'u masu daidaitawa, da kuma rage saurin fasawar tauri, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 5. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyi kamar amfani da walda mai pulsed laser da ƙara saurin walda suma zasu iya samun sauyi daga lu'ulu'u masu ginshiƙai zuwa lu'ulu'u masu daidaitawa ta hanyar canza shigar zafi da saurin sanyaya, ta haka rage saurin fasawar.
Hoto na 5. a) Ba a dumama ba, b) hatsi masu daidaito da aka riga aka riga aka yi musu zafi 300°C.
Lokacin walda kayan da ba su yi kama da juna ba da lasers, saboda bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halayen jiki da sinadarai tsakanin kayan, mahaɗan ƙarfe masu rauni suna da saurin samuwa, wanda shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tsagewar tauri. Saboda haka, daidaita sigogin laser da saitunan don rage samuwar ko adadin mahaɗan ƙarfe shi ma muhimmin dabara ne don danne tsagewar tauri. Misali, a cikin walda laser na kayan jan ƙarfe-aluminum daban-daban, ta hanyar sarrafa karkatar da hasken laser da saurin walda, ana iya rage rabon haɗuwa na jan ƙarfe da aluminum a cikin tafkin narke, ta haka rage samuwar mahaɗan ƙarfe masu rauni da rage saurin fashewa. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da kayan cikawa kuma yana iya inganta aikin haɗin gwiwar walda da rage samuwar tsagewa. Kayan cikawa na iya rage samuwar mahaɗan ƙarfe ta hanyar canza tsarin haɗin gwiwar walda da inganta tauri na haɗin gwiwar walda.
Fashewar ƙarfafawa ɗaya ce daga cikin lahani da ake yawan samu a cikin hanyoyin walda na laser. Tsarin samuwarsu yana da sarkakiya kuma ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da yawa kamar zafi, makanikai, da kuma aikin ƙarfe. Ta hanyar zurfafa nazarin tsarin samuwar fasawar ƙarfafawa, ana iya samar da tushen ka'ida don danne fasawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun gabatar da dabaru daban-daban don danne fasawar ƙarfafawa, waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin hatsi, inganta sigogin walda, da inganta halayen kayan aiki. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan dabarun na iya rage saurin fashewar ƙarfafawa yadda ya kamata da kuma inganta inganci da amincin walda na laser. Duk da haka, saboda sarkakiya da bambancin tsarin walda na laser, har yanzu akwai wasu matsaloli a cikin binciken da ake yi a yanzu. Misali, don hanyoyin hana fasawar ƙarfafawa a ƙarƙashin kayayyaki daban-daban da yanayin walda, har yanzu ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai zurfi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-20-2025
