1. Laser masana'antu bayyani
(1) Gabatarwar Laser
Laser (Hasken Haske ta Ƙarfafa Fitar da Radiation, wanda aka gajarta a matsayin LASER) wani haɗe-haɗe ne, guda ɗaya, mai daidaituwa, haske na jagora wanda aka samar ta hanyar haɓakar hasken haske a ƙaramar mitar ta hanyar jin daɗin ra'ayoyin ra'ayi da radiation.
Fasahar Laser ta samo asali ne a farkon shekarun 1960, kuma saboda yanayinta na daban da haske na yau da kullun, ba da jimawa ba Laser ya yi amfani da shi sosai a fagage daban-daban kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaba da sauyin kimiyya, fasaha, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
Haihuwar Laser ya canza fuskar tsohuwar na'urar gani da ido, yana faɗaɗa ilimin kimiyyar gani na gargajiya zuwa sabon tsarin fasaha mai zurfi wanda ya ƙunshi duka na'urorin gani na zamani da na zamani, yana ba da gudummawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin ɗan adam da al'umma. Binciken kimiyyar lissafi na Laser ya ba da gudummawa ga bunƙasa manyan rassa biyu na ilimin kimiyyar hoto na zamani: photonics makamashi da photonics na bayanai. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan gani mara kyau, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa, Laser sensing da sadarwa, Laser plasma physics, Laser chemistry, Laser bioology, Laser medicine, ultra-madaidaicin Laser spectroscopy da metrology, Laser atomic physics ciki har da Laser sanyaya da Bose-Einstein condensed binciken kwayoyin halitta. , Laser kayan aiki, Laser masana'antu, Laser micro-optoelectronic guntu ƙirƙira, Laser 3D bugu da fiye da 20 kasa da kasa iyaka horo da fasaha aikace-aikace. An kafa Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha na Laser (DSL) a cikin wadannan yankuna.
A cikin masana'antar masana'anta ta Laser, duniya ta shiga zamanin "kera haske", bisa ga kididdigar masana'antun laser na duniya, 50% na GDP na shekara-shekara na Amurka1 yana da alaƙa da saurin faɗaɗa kasuwa na aikace-aikacen Laser mai girma. Kasashe da dama da suka ci gaba, wadanda Amurka, Jamus da Japan ke wakilta, sun kammala maye gurbin tsarin al'ada tare da sarrafa Laser a manyan masana'antun masana'antu kamar motoci da jiragen sama. Laser a cikin masana'antun masana'antu ya nuna babban damar yin amfani da ƙananan farashi, inganci, inganci da aikace-aikacen masana'antu na musamman waɗanda ba za a iya cimma su ta hanyar masana'antu na al'ada ba, kuma ya zama wani muhimmin direba na gasa da ƙididdiga a tsakanin manyan ƙasashen masana'antu na duniya. Kasashe suna tallafawa fasahar laser rayayye a matsayin ɗayan mahimman fasahohin su na zamani kuma sun haɓaka tsare-tsaren ci gaban masana'antar laser na ƙasa.
(2)LaserSource Pgirki
Laser na'ura ce da ke amfani da hasken wuta mai zumudi don samar da haske mai gani ko ganuwa, tare da hadadden tsari da manyan shingen fasaha. The Tantancewar tsarin ne yafi hada da famfo tushen (excitation tushen), riba matsakaici (aiki abu) da resonant rami da sauran Tantancewar na'urar kayan. Matsakaicin riba shine tushen samar da photon, kuma ta hanyar ɗaukar makamashin da tushen famfo ke samarwa, matsakaicin riba yana tsalle daga yanayin ƙasa zuwa yanayin jin daɗi. Tun da yanayin farin ciki ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, a wannan lokacin, matsakaicin riba zai saki makamashi don komawa cikin yanayin yanayin ƙasa. A cikin wannan tsari na sakin makamashi, matsakaicin riba yana samar da photons, kuma waɗannan photons suna da matsayi mai yawa na daidaito a cikin makamashi, tsayin daka da shugabanci, suna nunawa kullum a cikin rami mai resonant na gani, motsi na motsi, don ci gaba da haɓakawa, kuma a ƙarshe. harba fitar da Laser ta hanyar mai nuna alama don samar da katako na Laser. A matsayin ainihin tsarin tsarin kayan aiki na tashar tashar, aikin laser sau da yawa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade inganci da ƙarfin fitarwa na kayan aikin laser, shine ainihin ɓangaren kayan aikin laser na ƙarshe.
Tushen famfo (tushen tashin hankali) yana ba da kuzarin kuzari ga matsakaicin riba. Matsakaicin riba yana jin daɗin samar da photons don samarwa da haɓaka laser. Kogon resonant shine wurin da ake tsara halayen photon (yawanci, lokaci da alkiblar aiki) don samun ingantaccen tushen hasken fitarwa ta hanyar sarrafa motsin photon a cikin rami. Tushen famfo (tushen tashin hankali) yana ba da kuzarin kuzari don matsakaicin riba. Matsakaicin riba yana jin daɗin samar da photons don samarwa da haɓaka laser. Kogon resonant shine wurin da ake daidaita halayen photon (yawanci, lokaci da alkiblar aiki) don samun ingantaccen tushen hasken fitarwa ta hanyar sarrafa motsin photon a cikin rami.
(3)Rarraba Tushen Laser
Ana iya rarraba tushen Laser bisa ga matsakaicin riba, tsayin fitarwa, yanayin aiki, da yanayin yin famfo, kamar haka
① Rarraba ta hanyar samun matsakaici
A cewar daban-daban kafofin watsa labarai riba, Laser za a iya raba zuwa m jihar (ciki har da m, semiconductor, fiber, hybrid), ruwa Laser, gas Laser, da dai sauransu.
| LaserSourceNau'in | Samun Media | Babban Siffofin |
| Tushen Laser Mai ƙarfi | Masu ƙarfi, Semiconductor, Fiber Optics, Hybrid | Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali, babban iko, ƙarancin kulawa, dacewa da masana'antu |
| Liquid Laser Source | Magungunan sinadarai | Iyakar tsayin tsayin zaɓi na zaɓi ya bugi, amma girman girma da tsadar kulawa |
| Gas Laser Source | Gas | High quality Laser haske tushen, amma girma girma da kuma mafi girma tabbatarwa halin kaka |
| Free Electron Laser Source | Wutar lantarki a cikin takamaiman filin maganadisu | Ultra-high iko da high quality Laser fitarwa za a iya samu, amma masana'antu fasaha da kuma samar da halin kaka ne sosai high |
Saboda kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali, babban iko da ƙarancin kulawa, aikace-aikacen laser mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar cikakkiyar fa'ida.
Daga cikin m-jihar Laser, semiconductor Laser da abũbuwan amfãni daga high dace, kananan size, tsawon rai, low makamashi amfani, da dai sauransu A daya hannun, su za a iya kai tsaye amfani a matsayin core haske Madogararsa da goyon baya ga Laser aiki, likita. sadarwa, ji, nuni, saka idanu da aikace-aikacen tsaro, kuma sun zama muhimmin tushe don haɓaka fasahar laser na zamani tare da mahimmancin ci gaba mai mahimmanci.
A daya hannun, semiconductor Laser kuma za a iya amfani da matsayin core famfo haske tushen ga sauran Laser kamar m-jihar Laser da fiber Laser, ƙwarai inganta fasaha ci gaban da dukan Laser filin. Duk manyan kasashen da suka ci gaba a duniya sun sanya shi a cikin tsare-tsaren ci gaban kasa, suna ba da goyon baya mai karfi da samun ci gaba cikin sauri.
② Bisa ga hanyar yin famfo
Ana iya raba Lasers zuwa famfo na lantarki, mai yin famfo mai gani, na'urorin da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar sinadarai, da sauransu bisa ga hanyar famfo.
Laser da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki yana nufin lasers masu jin daɗi ta halin yanzu, Laser gas galibi suna jin daɗin fitar da iskar gas, yayin da laser semiconductor galibi suna jin daɗin allurar yanzu.
Kusan duk m jihar Laser da ruwa Laser ne Tantancewar famfo Laser, da semiconductor Laser ana amfani da matsayin core famfo tushen ga Tantancewar famfo Laser.
Laser da aka yi famfo da sinadarai yana nufin lasers waɗanda ke amfani da makamashin da aka fitar daga halayen sinadarai don farantawa kayan aiki rai.
③ Rarraba ta yanayin aiki
Ana iya raba Lasers zuwa na'urorin laser masu ci gaba da kuma na'urar bugun jini gwargwadon yanayin aiki.
Ci gaba da Laser suna da barga rarraba adadin barbashi a kowane matakin makamashi da kuma radiation filin a cikin rami, da kuma aikin su ne halin da tashin hankali na aiki kayan da kuma m Laser fitarwa a cikin wani m hanya na dogon lokaci. . Laser ci gaba na iya fitar da hasken Laser ci gaba na tsawon lokaci, amma tasirin zafi ya fi bayyana.
Laser pulsed yana nufin tsawon lokacin lokacin da aka kiyaye ikon Laser a wani ƙima, da kuma fitar da hasken Laser a cikin wani yanayi mai katsewa, tare da manyan halaye na ƙananan tasirin thermal da ingantaccen sarrafawa.
④ Rarraba ta hanyar tsayin daka
Ana iya rarraba Lasers bisa ga tsayin daka kamar infrared Laser, Laser bayyane, Laser ultraviolet, zurfin ultraviolet Laser, da sauransu. Matsakaicin tsayin haske wanda za'a iya tunawa da kayan da aka tsara daban-daban ya bambanta, don haka ana buƙatar lasers na tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban don kyakkyawan aiki na kayan daban-daban ko don yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban.Laser infrared da UV lasers sune lasers guda biyu da aka fi amfani dasu. Ana amfani da laser infrared a cikin "sarrafawar thermal", inda kayan da ke saman kayan ke da zafi da kuma vaporized (kone) don cire kayan; a cikin bakin ciki fim ba karfe kayan aiki, semiconductor wafer yankan, Organic gilashin yankan, hakowa, marking da sauran filayen, high makamashi A cikin filin na bakin ciki fim ba karfe kayan aiki, semiconductor wafer yankan, Organic gilashin yankan, hakowa, marking, da dai sauransu, manyan makamashin UV photons kai tsaye suna karya ginshiƙan kwayoyin halitta a saman kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, ta yadda za a iya raba kwayoyin daga abin, kuma wannan hanya ba ta haifar da yanayin zafi mai zafi, don haka yawanci ana kiransa "sanyi". aiki".
Saboda babban makamashi na UV photons, yana da wuya a samar da wani babban iko ci gaba da UV Laser ta waje excitation Madogararsa, don haka UV Laser ne gaba ɗaya generated da aikace-aikace na crystal abu maras kyau sakamako mitar canji hanya, don haka na yanzu yadu amfani. masana'antu filin na UV Laser ne yafi m-jihar UV Laser.
(4) Sarkar masana'antu
Haɓakawa na sarkar masana'antu shine amfani da albarkatun ƙasa na semiconductor, kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da kayan haɓaka kayan haɓaka masu alaƙa don kera kayan kwalliyar Laser da na'urorin optoelectronic, wanda shine ginshiƙan masana'antar laser kuma yana da babban damar shiga. Midstream na masana'antu sarkar ne da yin amfani da upstream Laser kwakwalwan kwamfuta da optoelectronic na'urorin, kayayyaki, Tantancewar aka gyara, da dai sauransu kamar yadda famfo kafofin ga yi da kuma sayar da daban-daban Laser, ciki har da kai tsaye semiconductor Laser, carbon dioxide Laser, m-jihar Laser. fiber lasers, da dai sauransu; masana'antar ƙasa galibi tana nufin wuraren aikace-aikacen laser daban-daban, gami da kayan sarrafa masana'antu, LIDAR, sadarwa na gani, kyawun likitanci da sauran masana'antar aikace-aikacen.
① Masu samar da kayayyaki na sama
The raw kayan for upstream kayayyakin kamar semiconductor Laser kwakwalwan kwamfuta, na'urorin da kayayyaki ne yafi daban-daban guntu kayan, fiber kayan da machined sassa, ciki har da substrates, zafi sinks, sunadarai da kuma gidaje sets. Sarrafa guntu yana buƙatar babban inganci da aiki na kayan albarkatu na sama, galibi daga masu ba da kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje, amma matakin ƙaddamarwa yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma a hankali yana samun iko mai zaman kansa. A yi na babban upstream albarkatun kasa yana da kai tsaye tasiri a kan ingancin semiconductor Laser kwakwalwan kwamfuta, tare da ci gaba da inganta yi na daban-daban guntu kayan, don inganta yi na masana'antu ta kayayyakin taka mai kyau rawa a inganta.
② Sarkar masana'antu ta tsakiya
Semiconductor Laser guntu shi ne core famfo haske tushen daban-daban na Laser iri-iri a tsakiyar sarkar masana'antu, da kuma taka mai kyau rawa a inganta ci gaban tsakiyar Laser. A fagen na'urar lesar na tsakiya, Amurka, Jamus da sauran masana'antun ketare sun mamaye, amma bayan saurin bunkasuwar masana'antar laser na cikin gida a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasuwar tsakiyar masana'antar ta sami saurin maye gurbin gida.
③ Sarkar masana'antu a ƙasa
Masana'antar da ke ƙasa tana da rawar da take takawa wajen haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar, don haka ci gaban masana'antar za ta shafi kasuwar masana'antar kai tsaye. Ci gaba da bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin, da samar da damammaki bisa manyan tsare-tsare na sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki sun haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin ci gaban wannan masana'antu. Kasar Sin tana motsawa daga masana'antun masana'antu zuwa masana'anta, kuma lasers da kayan aikin laser suna daya daga cikin mabuɗin haɓaka masana'antun masana'antu, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan yanayin buƙatu don inganta dogon lokaci na wannan masana'antu. Abubuwan buƙatun masana'antu na ƙasa don aikin index na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na laser semiconductor da na'urorinsu suna ƙaruwa, kuma masana'antun cikin gida suna shiga cikin kasuwar laser mai ƙarfi daga ƙarancin wutar lantarki, don haka masana'antar dole ne ta ci gaba da haɓaka saka hannun jari a fagen bincike na fasaha. da haɓakawa da haɓaka mai zaman kanta.
2. semiconductor Laser masana'antu ci gaban matsayi
Semiconductor Laser suna da mafi kyau makamashi hira yadda ya dace tsakanin kowane irin Laser, a daya hannun, su za a iya amfani da matsayin core famfo tushen Tantancewar fiber Laser, m-state Laser da sauran Tantancewar famfo Laser. A daya hannun, tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da semiconductor Laser fasahar dangane da ikon yadda ya dace, haske, rayuwa, Multi-wavelength, modulation kudi, da dai sauransu, semiconductor Laser da aka yadu amfani da kayan aiki, likita, Tantancewar sadarwa, Tantancewar ji. tsaro, da sauransu. A cewar Laser Focus World, jimillar kudaden shiga na duniya na diode lasers, watau semiconductor lasers da non-diode lasers, an kiyasta ya zama $18,480 miliyan a 2021, tare da semiconductor Laser lissafin 43% na jimlar kudaden shiga.
Dangane da Laser Focus World, kasuwar laser semiconductor na duniya za ta kasance dala miliyan 6,724 a cikin 2020, sama da 14.20% daga shekarar da ta gabata. Tare da haɓakar hankali na duniya, haɓaka buƙatar lasers a cikin na'urori masu kaifin baki, na'urori masu amfani da lantarki, sabon makamashi da sauran fannoni, gami da ci gaba da haɓaka aikin likita, kayan aikin kyakkyawa da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke fitowa, ana iya amfani da laser semiconductor azaman tushen famfo. domin Tantancewar famfo Laser, da kasuwar size zai ci gaba da kula da barga girma. 2021 na duniya semiconductor Laser kasuwar girman dala biliyan 7.946, ƙimar kasuwa na 18.18%.
Ta hanyar hadin gwiwar masana fasaha da masana'antu da masu sana'a, masana'antar laser semiconductor ta kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba mai ban mamaki, ta yadda masana'antar Laser ta kasar Sin ta samu kwarewa tun daga tushe, da farkon samfurin masana'antar Laser ta kasar Sin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta kara samun bunkasuwar masana'antu ta Laser, kana yankuna daban daban sun dukufa wajen gudanar da bincike na kimiyya, da inganta fasahohi, da raya kasuwa, da gina wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu na Laser karkashin jagorancin gwamnati, da hadin gwiwar masana'antun Laser.
3. Future ci gaba Trend na kasar Sin ta Laser masana'antu
Idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka, fasahar Laser na kasar Sin ba ta makara, amma a cikin aikace-aikacen fasahar Laser da fasaha mai zurfi, har yanzu akwai gibi mai yawa, musamman ma na'urar laser semiconductor na sama da sauran abubuwan da suka dace. ya dogara da shigo da kaya.
Kasashen da suka ci gaba da Amurka da Jamus da Japan suka wakilta sun kammala maye gurbin fasahar kere-kere ta gargajiya a wasu manyan masana'antu kuma sun shiga zamanin "kera haske"; ko da yake ci gaban Laser aikace-aikace a kasar Sin yana da sauri, amma aikace-aikacen shigar kudi har yanzu yana da ƙananan. A matsayin ainihin fasahar haɓaka masana'antu, masana'antar laser za ta ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmin yanki na tallafin ƙasa, kuma za ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa ikon yin amfani da shi, da kuma haɓaka masana'antar masana'anta ta Sin zuwa zamanin "masana haske". Daga halin da ake ciki na ci gaba, ci gaban masana'antar laser ta kasar Sin ya nuna irin abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaba.
(1) Semiconductor Laser guntu da sauran ainihin abubuwan da aka gyara sannu a hankali sun fahimci wuri
Dauki fiber Laser a matsayin misali, high ikon fiber Laser famfo tushen shi ne babban aikace-aikace yankin na semiconductor Laser, high iko semiconductor Laser guntu da module ne wani muhimmin bangaren fiber Laser. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar fiber Laser na gani na kasar Sin na cikin wani mataki na ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma matakin da ake kai wa na gida yana karuwa kowace shekara.
Dangane da shigar kasuwa, a cikin kasuwar Laser mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kason kasuwa na laser na cikin gida ya kai 99.01% a cikin 2019; a cikin kasuwar Laser mai matsakaicin ƙarfi, ƙimar shigar da laser na cikin gida an kiyaye shi fiye da 50% a cikin 'yan shekarun nan; Hakanan ana samun ci gaba a hankali a hankali aiwatar da tsarin gano manyan lasers fiber mai ƙarfi, daga 2013 zuwa 2019 don cimma "daga karce". Hakanan ana samun ci gaba a hankali daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2019, kuma ya kai matakin shiga cikin 55.56%, kuma ana sa ran yawan shigar cikin gida na Laser fiber mai karfin gaske zai kasance kashi 57.58% a shekarar 2020.
Koyaya, ainihin abubuwan da aka gyara irin su kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai ƙarfi na semiconductor Laser har yanzu suna dogaro da shigo da kaya, kuma abubuwan da ke sama na lasers tare da kwakwalwan Laser na na'ura mai kwakwalwa kamar yadda ake sarrafa ainihin tushen a hankali, wanda a gefe guda yana haɓaka sikelin kasuwa na abubuwan haɓaka na sama. Laser na cikin gida, kuma a gefe guda, tare da ƙaddamar da abubuwan da ke sama na sama, zai iya inganta ƙarfin masana'antun laser na gida don shiga gasar kasa da kasa.
(2) Laser aikace-aikace shiga sauri da kuma fadi
Tare da sannu a hankali gano ainihin abubuwan haɗin optoelectronic na sama da raguwar farashin aikace-aikacen Laser a hankali, lasers zai shiga zurfi cikin masana'antu da yawa.
A daya hannun kuma, ga kasar Sin, sarrafa Laser shi ma ya dace da sashe goma na farko na masana'antun kasar Sin, kuma ana sa ran za a kara fadada yankunan da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa Laser, kuma za a kara fadada sikelin kasuwa a nan gaba. A gefe guda, tare da ci gaba da yaɗawa da haɓaka fasahohi kamar maras direba, tsarin tallafi na ci gaba, mutum-mutumi mai dogaro da sabis, jin daɗin 3D, da dai sauransu, za a ƙara amfani da shi a fannoni da yawa kamar mota, hankali na wucin gadi, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci. , gane fuska, sadarwa ta gani da binciken tsaro na kasa. A matsayin ainihin na'urar ko bangaren aikace-aikacen Laser na sama, na'urar ta semiconductor kuma za ta sami sararin ci gaba cikin sauri.
(3) Ƙarfi mafi girma, mafi kyawun ingancin katako, guntun raƙuman ruwa da saurin ci gaban shugabanci
A fagen masana'antu Laser, fiber Laser sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin sharuddan fitarwa ikon, katako ingancin da haske tun gabatarwar. Koyaya, mafi girman iko na iya haɓaka saurin sarrafawa, haɓaka ingancin sarrafawa, da faɗaɗa filin sarrafawa zuwa masana'antar masana'antu masu nauyi, a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, masana'antar sararin samaniya, makamashi, masana'antar injin, ƙarfe, ginin layin dogo, binciken kimiyya da sauran fannonin aikace-aikace a yankan. , waldi, saman jiyya, da dai sauransu, fiber Laser ikon bukatun ci gaba da karuwa. Masu kera na'urori masu dacewa suna buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka aikin na'urori masu mahimmanci (kamar babban guntu na laser semiconductor da samun fiber), haɓakar wutar lantarki na fiber Laser kuma yana buƙatar fasahar haɓaka laser mai haɓaka kamar haɗa katako da haɗin wutar lantarki, wanda zai kawo sabbin buƙatu. da ƙalubale ga masana'antun guntu Laser mai ƙarfi na semiconductor. Bugu da kari, guntu wavelengths, mafi wavelengths, sauri (ultrafast) Laser ci gaban shi ma wani muhimmin al'amari, yafi amfani a hadedde da'irar kwakwalwan kwamfuta, nuni, mabukaci Electronics, Aerospace da sauran daidaitattun microprocessing, kazalika da kimiyyar rayuwa, likita, ji da sauran. filayen, guntu Laser na semiconductor shima ya gabatar da sabbin buƙatu.
(4) don babban iko Laser optoelectronic aka gyara bukatar ƙarin girma
Haɓakawa da masana'antu na Laser fiber mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shine sakamakon ci gaban synergistic na sarkar masana'antu, wanda ke buƙatar goyan bayan mahimman kayan aikin optoelectronic kamar tushen famfo, isolator, ƙwararren katako, da sauransu. Laser fiber sune tushe da mahimman abubuwan haɓakawa da samarwa, kuma haɓaka kasuwa na Laser fiber mai ƙarfi shima yana haifar da buƙatun kasuwa don mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar kwakwalwan Laser mai ƙarfi semiconductor. A lokaci guda, tare da ci gaba da inganta fasahar Laser fiber na gida, maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki ya zama yanayin da ba makawa, rabon kasuwar Laser a duniya zai ci gaba da inganta, wanda kuma ya kawo babbar dama ga ƙarfin gida na masana'antun optoelectronic.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-07-2023
