Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar walda ta gargajiya,waldi na Laseryana da fa'idodi mara misaltuwa a cikin daidaiton walda, inganci, aminci, aiki da kai da sauran fannoni. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri a fannonin motoci, makamashi, na'urorin lantarki da sauran fannoni, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan fasahohin kere-kere a karni na 21.
1. Bayani na katako biyuwaldi na Laser
Biyu-biyuwaldi na Lasershine a yi amfani da hanyoyin gani don raba Laser iri ɗaya zuwa filaye daban-daban na haske don waldawa, ko kuma amfani da nau'ikan Laser iri biyu don haɗawa, kamar CO2 Laser, Nd: YAG Laser da Laser mai ƙarfi na semiconductor. Ana iya haɗa duka. An ba da shawarar musamman don magance daidaitawar walƙiya ta Laser zuwa daidaiton taro, inganta kwanciyar hankali na aikin walda, da haɓaka ingancin walda. Biyu-biyuwaldi na Laseriya dace da flexibly daidaita waldi zafin jiki filin ta canza katako makamashi rabo, katako tazara, har ma da makamashi rarraba juna biyu Laser katako, canza wanzuwar juna na keyhole da kwarara juna na ruwa karfe a cikin narkak pool. Yana ba da zaɓi mafi faɗi na hanyoyin walda. Ba wai kawai yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga manyanwaldi na Lasershigar azzakari cikin farji, sauri sauri da kuma high daidaici, amma kuma ya dace da kayan da gidajen abinci da wuya weld da na al'ada.waldi na Laser.
Don katako biyuwaldi na Laser, mun fara tattauna hanyoyin aiwatar da laser biyu-beam. Cikakken wallafe-wallafen ya nuna cewa akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma walƙiya-biyu: mai da hankali kan watsawa da mai da hankali kan tunani. Musamman, ana samun ɗaya ta hanyar daidaita kusurwa da tazarar laser guda biyu ta hanyar madubi mai mai da hankali da madubi masu haɗuwa. Sauran ana samun su ta hanyar amfani da tushen laser sannan kuma mai da hankali ta hanyar nuna madubai, madubai masu watsawa da madubai masu siffa don cimma katako biyu. Domin hanya ta farko, akwai nau'i uku na musamman. Siffa ta farko ita ce a haɗa lasers guda biyu ta hanyar filaye na gani sannan a raba su zuwa filaye daban-daban guda biyu a ƙarƙashin madubi mai haɗuwa iri ɗaya da madubi mai mai da hankali. Na biyu shi ne cewa lasers guda biyu suna fitar da fitilun Laser ta hanyar kawunan waldawa daban-daban, kuma ana yin katako guda biyu ta hanyar daidaita sararin samaniya na kawunan walda. Hanya ta uku ita ce, an fara raba katakon Laser ta hanyar madubai biyu 1 da 2, sannan a mayar da hankali ta hanyar madubai masu mayar da hankali biyu 3 da 4 bi da bi. Matsayi da nisa tsakanin wuraren mai da hankali biyu za'a iya daidaita su ta hanyar daidaita kusurwoyi na madubai masu mayar da hankali 3 da 4. Hanya ta biyu ita ce ta yi amfani da Laser mai ƙarfi don raba hasken don cimma katako na dual, da daidaita kusurwar tazara ta hanyar madubin hangen nesa da madubin mai da hankali. Hotuna biyu na ƙarshe a jere na farko da ke ƙasa suna nuna tsarin bakan gizo na Laser CO2. Ana maye gurbin madaidaicin madubin da madubi mai siffa mai siffa kuma a ajiye shi a gaban madubin mai da hankali don raba hasken don cimma haske mai kama da biki.
Bayan fahimtar aiwatar da katako biyu, bari mu ɗan gabatar da ka'idodin walda da hanyoyin. A cikin katako biyuwaldi na Lasertsari, akwai shirye-shiryen katako na gama gari guda uku, wato serial arrangement, parallel arrangement and hybrid arrangement. zane, wato, akwai tazara a duka alkiblar walda da na walda a tsaye. Kamar yadda aka nuna a jere na ƙarshe na adadi, bisa ga nau'i daban-daban na ƙananan ramuka da narkakken tafkuna waɗanda ke bayyana ƙarƙashin tazara daban-daban yayin aikin walda na serial, ana iya raba su zuwa narke guda ɗaya. Akwai jahohi uku: tafkin ruwa, tafki na gama-gari da narkakken tafkin ruwa. Siffofin tafki guda narkakkarwa da rabe-raben tafki suna kama da na guda ɗayawaldi na Laser, kamar yadda aka nuna a zanen simulation na lambobi. Akwai daban-daban sakamako effects ga daban-daban iri.
Nau'i na 1: Ƙarƙashin tazarar tabo, ramukan katako guda biyu suna yin babban rami na gama gari a cikin tafki ɗaya narkakkar; don nau'in 1, an ba da rahoton cewa ana amfani da katako guda ɗaya don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin rami, ɗayan kuma hasken haske ana amfani da shi don waldawar zafi mai zafi, wanda zai iya inganta ingantaccen tsarin kaddarorin ƙarfe na carbon da gami karfe.
Nau'i na 2: Ƙara tazarar tabo a cikin tafkin narkakkar guda ɗaya, raba katako guda biyu zuwa ramukan maɓalli biyu masu zaman kansu, kuma canza yanayin kwararar tafkin narkakkar; na nau'in 2, aikinsa yana daidai da walƙiya na katako na lantarki guda biyu, Yana Rage spatter da walda mara daidaituwa a daidai tsayin tsayin daka.
Nau'i na 3: ƙara haɓaka tazarar tabo kuma canza yanayin makamashi na katako guda biyu, ta yadda za'a yi amfani da ɗayan katako guda biyu azaman tushen zafi don yin aikin walda kafin walda ko bayan walda yayin aikin walda, da ɗayan katako. ana amfani da shi don samar da ƙananan ramuka. Na nau'in 3, binciken ya gano cewa katako guda biyu suna yin rami mai maɓalli, ƙananan ramin ba shi da sauƙin rushewa, kuma walda ba shi da sauƙi don samar da pores.
2. Tasirin tsarin walda akan ingancin walda
Tasirin serial biam-makamashi rabo akan samuwar kabu na walda
Lokacin da ƙarfin Laser shine 2kW, saurin waldawa shine 45 mm / s, adadin defocus shine 0mm, kuma tazarar katako shine 3 mm, yanayin shimfidar walda lokacin canza RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) shine kamar haka. wanda aka nuna a cikin adadi. Lokacin da RS=0.50 da 2.00, weld ɗin yana ƙunshewa zuwa mafi girma, kuma akwai ƙarin spatter a gefen walda, ba tare da samar da tsarin sikelin kifi na yau da kullun ba. Wannan shi ne saboda idan rabon makamashin katako ya yi ƙanƙanta ko girma sosai, ƙarfin Laser ɗin yana da yawa sosai, yana haifar da fiɗaɗɗen Laser don yin juzu'i da gaske yayin aikin walda, kuma matsin lamba na tururi yana haifar da fitarwa da zubar da narkakkar. karfe karfe a cikin narkakken tafkin; Matsanancin shigar da zafi yana haifar da zurfin shigar zurfin tafkin narkakkar da ke gefen alloy na aluminum ya zama babba, yana haifar da damuwa a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi. Lokacin da RS = 0.67 da 1.50, ƙirar sikelin kifin akan farfajiyar weld ɗin daidai ne, sifar weld ɗin ya fi kyau, kuma babu faɗuwar walda mai zafi, pores da sauran lahani na walda akan farfajiyar walda. Siffofin giciye na walda tare da ma'auni daban-daban na makamashin katako RS ana nuna su a cikin adadi. Sashin giciye na welds yana cikin “siffar gilashin ruwan inabi” na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ana aiwatar da tsarin walda a cikin yanayin walƙiya mai zurfi na Laser. RS yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan zurfin shigar P2 na weld a gefen alloy na aluminum. Lokacin da rabon makamashin katako RS=0.5, P2 shine 1203.2 microns. Lokacin da adadin kuzarin katako shine RS=0.67 da 1.5, P2 yana raguwa sosai, waɗanda sune 403.3 microns da 93.6 microns bi da bi. Lokacin da rabon makamashin katako shine RS = 2, zurfin shigar weld na sashin giciye na haɗin gwiwa shine 1151.6 microns.
Tasirin daidaitaccen rabo-makamashi akan samuwar kabu na walda
Lokacin da ƙarfin laser shine 2.8kW, saurin waldawa shine 33mm / s, adadin defocus shine 0mm, kuma tazarar katako shine 1mm, ana samun farfajiyar walda ta hanyar canza yanayin makamashi (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5) , 2, 4) Ana nuna kamannin a cikin adadi. Lokacin RS=2, tsarin sikelin kifin akan saman walda ba shi da ka'ida. Fuskar walda da aka samu ta sauran ma'auni biyar daban-daban na makamashin katako yana da kyau sosai, kuma babu lahani da ake iya gani kamar pores da spatter. Saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da serial dual-beamwaldi na Laser, farfajiyar walda ta amfani da layi daya-biyu-bim ya fi iri ɗaya da kyau. Lokacin RS=0.25, akwai ɗan damuwa a cikin walda; yayin da rabon makamashi na katako ya karu a hankali (RS=0.5, 0.67 da 1.5), saman weld ɗin daidai ne kuma babu damuwa da aka kafa; duk da haka, lokacin da rabon makamashin katako ya ƙara ƙaruwa (RS=1.50, 2.00), amma akwai damuwa a saman walda. Lokacin da rabon makamashi na katako RS = 0.25, 1.5 da 2, siffar giciye na weld shine "mai siffar gilashin ruwan inabi"; a lokacin da RS=0.50, 0.67 da 1, giciye-sashe siffar weld ne "zurfi siffa". Lokacin da RS=4, ba wai kawai ana haifar da tsagewa a kasan walda ba, har ma ana haifar da wasu pores a tsakiya da ƙananan ɓangaren walda. Lokacin da RS=2, manyan pores na tsari suna bayyana a cikin walda, amma babu tsagewa. Lokacin da RS = 0.5, 0.67 da 1.5, zurfin shigar P2 na weld a gefen alloy na aluminum ya fi ƙanƙanta, kuma ɓangaren giciye na walda yana da kyau kuma ba a sami lahani na walda ba. Waɗannan suna nuna cewa rabon makamashin katako yayin waldawar laser mai ɗaci biyu-bim shima yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan shigar weld da lahani na walda.
Daidaitaccen katako - tasirin tazarar katako akan samuwar kabu
Lokacin da Laser ikon ne 2.8kW, da waldi gudun ne 33mm/s, da defocus adadin ne 0mm, da katako makamashi rabo RS = 0.67, canza katako tazara (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) don samun. yanayin yanayin walda kamar yadda hoton ya nuna. Lokacin d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, saman walda yana da santsi da lebur, kuma siffar yana da kyau; sikelin sikelin kifi na weld na yau da kullun kuma yana da kyau, kuma babu bayyane pores, fasa da sauran lahani. Sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin tazarar katako guda huɗu, saman walda yana da kyau. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da d=2 mm, an samar da nau'ikan walda guda biyu daban-daban, wanda ke nuna cewa igiyoyin Laser guda biyu masu kama da juna ba su sake yin aiki a kan narkakkar tafki ba, kuma ba za su iya samar da ingantacciyar walda mai nau'in Laser mai dual-beam ba. Lokacin da tazarar katako ta kasance 0.5mm, weld ɗin yana da “mai siffa mai mazurari”, zurfin shigar P2 na walƙiya a gefen alloy na aluminum shine 712.9 microns, kuma babu fasa, pores da sauran lahani a cikin walda. Yayin da tazarar katako ke ci gaba da karuwa, zurfin shigar P2 na walda a gefen alloy na aluminum yana raguwa sosai. Lokacin da tazarar katako ta kasance 1 mm, zurfin shigar da walda a gefen alloy na aluminum shine kawai 94.2 microns. Yayin da tazarar katako ta ƙara ƙaruwa, walda ba ta samar da ingantacciyar shigar ciki a gefen alloy na aluminum. Sabili da haka, lokacin da tazarar katako ta kasance 0.5mm, tasirin sake haɗawa biyu shine mafi kyau. Yayin da tazarar katako ta ƙaru, shigar da zafin walda yana raguwa sosai, kuma tasirin sake haɗawa da Laser katako guda biyu a hankali ya zama mafi muni.
Bambance-bambance a cikin ilimin halittar jiki na walda yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kwarara daban-daban da sanyaya ƙarfi na narkakken tafkin yayin aikin walda. Hanyar simintin ƙididdigewa ba zai iya ba kawai yin nazarin danniya na narkakkar tafkin da hankali ba, har ma ya rage farashin gwaji. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna canje-canje a cikin tafkin narke gefen tare da katako guda ɗaya, shirye-shirye daban-daban da tazarar tabo. Babban abubuwan ƙarshe sun haɗa da: (1) A lokacin katako guda ɗayawaldi na Lasertsari, zurfin ramin ramin narkakkar shi ne mafi zurfi, akwai wani lamari na rugujewar rami, bangon ramin ba shi da ka'ida, kuma rarraba filayen kwarara kusa da bangon ramin ba daidai ba ne; kusa da baya na narkakkar tafkin Ruwan yana da ƙarfi, kuma akwai hawan sama a ƙasan narkakken tafkin; Rarraba filin tafki na narkakkar ruwa yana da in mun gwada da uniform kuma a hankali, kuma nisa na narkakkar tafki bai yi daidai ba tare da zurfin shugabanci. Akwai tashin hankali sakamakon matsa lamba na koma bayan bango a cikin narkakken tafkin tsakanin ƙananan ramuka a cikin katako mai katako biyuwaldi na Laser, kuma koyaushe yana kasancewa tare da zurfin shugabanci na ƙananan ramuka. Yayin da nisa tsakanin katako guda biyu ke ci gaba da karuwa, ƙarfin ƙarfin katakon yana canzawa a hankali daga kololuwa ɗaya zuwa yanayin kololuwa biyu. Akwai ƙaramin ƙima tsakanin kololuwar biyu, kuma ƙarfin kuzarin yana raguwa a hankali. (2) Domin katako guda biyuwaldi na Laser, Lokacin da tazarar tabo ya kasance 0-0.5mm, zurfin tafkin narkakken ƙananan ramuka yana raguwa kaɗan, kuma gabaɗayan halin kwararar tafkin ruwan narke yayi kama da na katako guda ɗaya.waldi na Laser; lokacin da tazarar tabo ya kasance sama da 1mm, ƙananan ramukan sun rabu gaba ɗaya, kuma yayin aikin walda Kusan babu wani hulɗa tsakanin lasers guda biyu, wanda yayi daidai da biyu a jere / biyu daidaitattun walda laser guda ɗaya tare da ikon 1750W. Kusan babu wani tasiri na preheating, kuma narkakkar ruwan tafki ya yi kama da na walda mai igiya guda ɗaya. (3) Lokacin da tazarar tabo ya kasance 0.5-1mm, bangon bango na ƙananan ramuka yana da kyau a cikin shirye-shiryen biyu, zurfin ƙananan ramukan ya ragu a hankali, kuma ƙasa a hankali ya rabu. Rikicin da ke tsakanin ƙananan ramuka da magudanar ruwa na narkakkar ruwa ya kai 0.8mm. Mafi ƙarfi. Don serial waldi, tsayin narkakken tafkin a hankali yana ƙaruwa, faɗin shine mafi girma lokacin da tazarar tabo shine 0.8mm, kuma tasirin preheating ya fi bayyana lokacin da tazarar tabo ta kasance 0.8mm. Tasirin ƙarfin Marangoni yana raguwa sannu a hankali, kuma ƙarin ruwan ƙarfe yana gudana zuwa bangarorin biyu na narkakken tafkin. Yi rarraba nisa narke ya zama iri ɗaya. Don layi daya waldi, nisa daga cikin narkakkar pool sannu a hankali ya karu, kuma tsawon shi ne matsakaicin a 0.8mm, amma babu preheating sakamako; sake gudana kusa da saman da ƙarfin Marangoni ya haifar koyaushe yana wanzuwa, kuma raguwar ƙasa a ƙasan ƙaramin rami a hankali yana ɓacewa; filin magudanar giciye ba shi da kyau kamar Yana da ƙarfi a jeri, damuwa da kyar ke shafar magudanar ruwa a ɓangarorin biyu na narkakkar tafki, kuma narkakkar faɗin ba ta yi daidai ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-12-2023
